Engineering characteristics of sand-clay mixtures used for clay cores of earth-fill dams

Clay is the main construction material for clay cores of earth-fill dams. Clay minerals swell when they become wet and shrink when they dry out; cracks develop as they lose moisture. If precautions are not taken to prevent seepage through these cracks, dam failures may result. In this study, sand was added to montmorillonite-dominant clay soils to investigate the effect of sand-inclusion rates on the engineering characteristics of clay soils used in the construction of clay cores of earth-fill dams. Changes in the consistency limits, compaction characteristics, permeability, stress-strain relationships and swelling characteristics with increasing sand inclusion rates were evaluated. Based on the results from experimental trials, a 30% sand inclusion rate appears to be the optimum proportion; most of the swelling occurred in the voids of grains and led to permeability levels below the allowable limits for earth-fill dams

Assessment of water quality management in Turkey

There has been a noticeable increase in the amount of pollution in water resources in Turkey in recent years. Negative environmental developments, such as industrialization, increasing urbanization, improper pesticide and fertilizer applications in agricultural lands, and the drainage of domestic and industrial wastewater into water resources without any waste treatment applications, cause rapid pollution of both surface and groundwater resources. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate more attention to water resources monitoring and evaluation studies to prevent the pollution of water resources, and to reclaim these resources

ASSESSMENT OF THE IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE OF TRANSFERRED SCHEMES IN TURKEY: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS

Efforts to increase the amount of irrigation schemes transferred to irrigation associations (IAs) in Turkey have been motivated by the poor performance in terms of cost recovery, equity, efficiency in operation and maintenance (O&M) and repairs of many large irrigation schemes by government agencies, namely the State Hydraulic Works (DSI). The objective of this study is to assess the irrigation system performance of transferred irrigation schemes in the DSI Fifth Regional Directorate service area mainly for the year 2003 with benchmarking indicators

Determination of effective irrigation intervals in the center pivot sprinkler system for maize (Zea mays L.) varieties

Abstract The increasing importance of the corn plant in animal nutrition as silage and grain feed has led to expand of corn cultivation in large areas. One of the best ways to meet the demand for irrigation of corn in large areas in Iraq is to establish a center pivot sprinkler system. This experimental study was carried out to determine the effective irrigation intervals in the center pivot sprinkler system in the cultivation of some corn varieties registered in Iraq in Kirkuk Governorate / Iraq in 2021. Another aim of this study is to identify the variety or varieties that have higher yields under different irrigation interval conditions. Another aim of this study was to determine the variety or varieties with higher yield under different irrigation interval conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Five registered maize varieties (AlFajer, AlMaha, AlSafa, Buhooth-106 and Sara) were used as experiment materials and three irrigation intervals (2, 4 and 6 day periods) were applied using the pivot sprinkler method. According to the result of this experiment, Buhooth-106 variety had the highest yield (7.23 kg ha⁻ˡ). Although the 6-day irrigation interval resulted in the lowest grain yield for all varieties, the difference in terms of corn grain yield between 4-day and 2-day irrigation interval was not found significant, statistically. In conclusion, the 4-day irrigation interval application using the center pivot irrigation system and Buhooth-106 variety can be recommended growing corn in conditions of Kirkuk Governorate of Iraq.</p

Experimental and Molecular Modeling Investigation of Isopropyl 4-(Biphenyl-4-Yl)-2,6,6-Trimethyl-5-Oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-Hexahydroquinoline-3-Carboxylate

The most important effect of 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives with various biological activities is to reduce the influx of extracellular Ca2+ ions. Because of this feature, many 1,4-DHP derivatives have been identified as potent calcium channel blockers and have been included in the treatment as antihypertensive agents. On the other hand, the biphenyl group is an important group in the molecule of biologically active compounds. The active compounds are obtained by introducing the biphenyl group into the structure of various compounds. In this study, the biphenyl group was introduced into the 1,4-DHP ring to reach to hexahydroquinoline (HHQ) derivative as an active calcium channel blocker compound. The structure of the compound was proved by IR, H-1-NMR, Mass spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic properties of the compound has been determined, and biological activity assays continue. The crystal structure of C28H31NO3 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction: monoclinic, space group C c, a = 11.9713(3) angstrom b = 18.8793(5) angstrom, c = 10.7358(3) angstrom, beta = 102.411(4)degrees Z = 4. The title molecule is twisted with the dihedral angle between two phenyl rings being 50.86(10)degrees. The optimized geometries of the title compound have been obtained employing DFT method. The calculated geometrical parameters were found to be in agreement with the experimental data

DOES INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT GAIN EFFECT HEMOGLOBIN VARIABILITY

WOS: 00046979710134

Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of adult-onset minimal change disease in Turkey: Turkish Society of Nephrology-Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group

Purpose In our study, diagnostic and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with minimal change disease (MCD) by biopsy, clinical and laboratory findings in our country were investigated. Methods Data were obtained from the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group database. Demographic characteristics, indications for biopsy, diagnosis of the glomerular diseases, comorbidities, laboratory and biopsy findings of all patients were recorded. The data presented are cross-sectional and includes application data for the biopsy period. Results Of 3875 patients, 233 patients with MCD (median age 35.0 years) were included in the study, which constitutes 6.0% of the total glomerulonephritis database. Renal biopsy was performed in 196 (84.1%) patients due to nephrotic syndrome. Median serum creatinine was 0.7 (0.6-1.0) mg/dl, mean eGFR was 104 +/- 33 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and median proteinuria 6000 mg/day. The number of patients under the age of 40 years was 139 (59.7%) (Group A), and the number of patients aged 40 years and over was 94 (40.3%) (Group B). Compared to Group A, global sclerotic glomeruli (24 vs. 43, p < 0.001) interstitial inflammation (15 vs. 34, p < 0.001), interstitial fibrosis (20 vs. 31, p = 0.001, vascular changes (10 vs. 25, p < 0.001) and tubular atrophy (18 vs. 30, p < 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in Group B. There was no difference in immunofluorescent staining properties between the two groups. Conclusion Our data are generally compatible with the literature. Chronic histopathological changes were more common in patients aged 40 years and older than younger patients. Studies investigating the effects of these different features on renal survival are needed