Numerical investigation of the plasma-aided fabrication of stoichiometric InAs nanodots at early stage of the growth

Using numerical modeling of the plasma sheath and key surface processes, the plasma-aided fabrication of InAs nanodots is investigated at early stage of the growth. Roles of different plasma process parameters, such as electron temperature, electron number density, and ion-to-electron density ratio, in achieving the stoichiometric growth of the nanodots are explored and conditions to achieve a highly stoichiometric InAs composition are discussed. It is shown that the nanodots get larger with increasing the electron temperature and electron number density, whereas they shrink in size with increasing the ion-to-electron density ratio. Moreover, it is shown that with increase in the electron temperature and electron number density stoichiometric saturation state can be reached shortly, which this enables the fabrication of highly stoichiometric array of nanodots within shorter processing time. The results obtained can open a path toward nucleation and growth of an array of nanodots with desired structural composition and size distribution

Deviation of Atmospheric Mixing from Maximal and Structure in the Leptonic Flavor Sector

I attempt to quantify how far from maximal one should expect the atmospheric mixing angle to be given a neutrino mass-matrix that leads, at zeroth order, to a nu_3 mass-eigenstate that is 0% nu_e, 50% nu_mu, and 50% nu_tau. This is done by assuming that the solar mass-squared difference is induced by an "anarchical" first order perturbation, an approach than can naturally lead to experimentally allowed values for all oscillation parameters. In particular, both |cos 2theta_atm| (the measure for the deviation of atmospheric mixing from maximal) and |U_e3| are of order sqrt(Delta m^2_sol/Delta m^2_atm) in the case of a normal neutrino mass-hierarchy, or of order Delta m^2_sol/Delta m^2_atm in the case of an inverted one. Hence, if any of the textures analyzed here has anything to do with reality, next-generation neutrino experiments can see a nonzero cos 2theta_atm in the case of a normal mass-hierarchy, while in the case of an inverted mass-hierarchy only neutrino factories should be able to see a deviation of sin^2 2theta_atm from 1.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, references and acknowledgments adde

The Comprehensive Roadmap Toward Malaria Elimination Using Graphene and its Promising 2D Analogs

Malaria is a major public health concern with over 200 million new cases annually, resulting in significant financial costs. Preventive measures and diagnostic remedies are crucial in saving lives from malaria, and especially in developing nations. 2D materials are, therefore, ideal for fighting such an epidemic. Graphene and its derivatives are extensively studied due to their exceptional properties in this case. The biomedical applications of graphene-based nanomaterials have gained significant interest in recent years due to their remarkable biocompatibility, solubility, and selectivity. Their unique physicochemical characteristics, like ample surface area, biofunctionality, high purity, solubility, substantial drug-loading capacity, and superior ability to penetrate cell membranes, make them up-and-coming candidates as biodelivery carriers. In this review, crucial graphene-based technologies to combat malaria are discussed. The advancements in preventing and diagnosing malaria and the biocompatibility of graphene-based nanomaterials are emphasized. The roadmap for using graphene-based technology toward achieving the WHO global malaria elimination by 2030 is presented and discussed in detail. Graphene oxide, the most critical biocompatible graphene derivative for health sensors, is also discussed. Additionally, 2D chalcogenides, specifically sulfide-based transition-metal dichalcogenides, are reviewed in detecting malaria during its early stages

A modular endoprosthesis for reconstruction of the body, condyle and ascending ramus of the mandible in an animal model.

Contains fulltext : 186854.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 25 november 2009Promotores : Stoelinga, P.J.W., Jansen, J.A., Tideman, H

Mandibular reconstruction in adults: a review.

Item does not contain fulltextMandibular defects may result from trauma, inflammatory disease and benign or malignant tumours. Mastication, speech and facial aesthetics are often severely compromised without reconstruction. The goal of mandibular reconstruction is to restore facial form and function, implying repair of mandibular continuity and muscle attachments. There should also be room for implant insertion so as to allow for rehabilitation of occlusion and articulation, whereas the function of the inferior alveolar nerve should be restored to assure adequate sensitivity of the lips. Mandibular reconstruction principles and techniques have evolved dramatically over the years. Refinements in techniques continue to improve patient quality of life. This paper reviews current techniques of mandibular reconstruction in adults and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each

Modular endoprosthesis for mandibular reconstruction: a preliminary animal study.

Item does not contain fulltextThe use of a mandibular modular endoprosthesis after segmental resection of part of the body of the mandible was studied. This preliminary study was carried out on four pigs and four monkeys. The devices were made of a titanium alloy and were cemented in the prepared medullary spaces with polymethylmetacrylate cement. The prosthesis failed in one pig, but in the other animals the prostheses were stable and firmly fixed to the stumps after 3 months. It was concluded that the endoprosthesis has potential in reconstructive surgery of the mandible, but that further studies are necessary to substantiate this claim. Pigs are not suitable for further studies as the medullary space is too large and filled with fat. They are also too big to handle and the variations in size and shape of the mandibles precludes the use of a modular system

Growth and structural property studies on NiSi/SiC core-shell nanowires by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition

NiSi/SiC core-shell nanorods and nanowires grown on Ni-coated glass substrates by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition were studied. Nickel was used as a catalyst to induce the growth of these core-shell nanorods and nanowires at deposition pressures varying from 100 to 300 Pa. Increase of the deposition pressure to 300 Pa result in the growth of nanowires. These nanowires consisted of single crystalline NiSi and amorphous SiC as core and shell of the nanowires, respectively. Moreover, an increase in deposition pressure induces phase transition of the nanowires from the crystalline Si phase to amorphous SiC phase. 3C-SiC nano-crystallites embedded within anamorphous matrix were present in the nanowires shells, and broad photoluminescencee mission spectra were observed within the visible region. The effects of the deposition pressure on the growth and structural properties of these core-shell nanowires are discussed

Replacement of the condyle and ascending ramus by a modular endoprosthesis in Macaca fascicularis--part 1: a clinical and radiographic study.

Item does not contain fulltextPURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of replacing the condyle and ascending ramus with a novel modular endoprosthesis in Macaca fascicularis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight male adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used in this study. The right condyle and ascending ramus posterior to the lower second molar were resected. An endoprosthesis consisting of 2 modules was inserted to replace the resected segment and fixed in place using polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (Palacos). Four monkeys were sacrificed at 3 months and another 4 at 6 months postoperatively. The operated side of the mandible was then harvested, including the endoprosthesis and the stump of the mandible to which it was attached. Lateral mandibular radiographs were taken using standard settings immediately postoperatively and postsacrifice. RESULTS: Two monkeys presented with a fistula at the operated area 1 month postoperatively, but this resolved with a short course of antimicrobial treatment. At the time of sacrifice, no fistulas, dehiscences, or mobility of the endoprostheses was observed. There was no significant change in maximum mouth opening. At 3 months, a linear radiolucency was noted at the cement-bone interface in the 2 monkeys that previously presented with fistulas; whereas at 6 months, none of the 4 animals showed any radiolucency. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a cemented modular endoprosthesis for replacement of the condyle and ramus unit was feasible with minimal complications allowing normal mouth opening and occlusion. Further histologic and microfocus computed tomographic studies will be done to confirm the findings