109 research outputs found
Efekti potpunih smeÅ”a razliÄitih domaÄih proizvoÄaÄa u ishrani svinja u porastu
The effects of nutrition using complete mixtures from five producers on production performance, digestibility of nutrients and cost of 1 kilogram of gain in nutrition of growing pigs were investigated. Obtained results showed that: the best pig production is realized using control mixture A, slightly lower results with diet B, followed by mixtures C, D and E. Degree of utilization of dry, organic matter and protein was best in diets A and B, and slightly lower in remaining C, D and E diets. The cheapest gain was realized by using mixtures A and C, followed by mixture B, and the least favourable cost of gain was recorded in pigs fed diets D and E, without any established differences between them. In general, obtained results showed that by using the mixtures from various manufacturers certain differences in production performance were established, also in the degree of utilization of nutrients and cost of kilogram of gain in growing pigs.Ispitivani su efekti ishrane smeÅ”ama od pet proizvoÄaÄa na proizvodne rezultate, svarljivost hranljivih materija i cenu kilograma prirasta u ishrani svinja u porastu. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se: najbolja proizvodnja kod svinja postiže ishranom kontrolnom smeÅ”om A, neÅ”to slabiji obrokom B, pa smeÅ”ama C, D i E proizvoÄaÄa. Stepen iskoriÅ”Äavanja suve, organske materije i proteina je bio bolji kod obroka A i B a neÅ”to slabiji kod preostalih C, D i E obroka. Najjeftiniji prirast je ostvaren kod A i C smeÅ”a , zatim sledi kod smeÅ”e B a najnepovoljnije cenu prirasta svinje su bile na obrocima D i E izmeÄu kojih nije bilo razlika. U celini dobijeni rezultati u ovom radu su pokazali da se, koriÅ”Äenjem smeÅ”a razliÄitih proizvoÄaÄa u Srbiji ostvaruju razlike u proizvodnim rezultatima, stepenu iskoriÅ”Äavanja hranljivih materija i ceni kilograma prirasta svinja u porastu.
Carcass Quality and Fatty Acids Profile of the Fatteners of Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa Breed Reared in Outdoor System
The objective of this study was to determine carcass quality of fatteners of Swallow-belly Mangalitsa breed reared in outdoor system. In m. longissimus dorsi (MLD) samples chemical composition, cholesterol content and fatty acids profile was determined. The study included 22 castrated males reared in the oak forest from the early spring to late autumn, with minimal corn harvest (approx. 0.5 kg per day). During the winter, the fatteners were kept in wooden stables and fed with cereals (corn and barley mixture in a ratio of 70:30, approx. 3 kg per day). The data was carried out by statistical package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc., 2002-2003) and basic statistical parameters are showed (MeanĀ±SD). At the end of fattening, the pigs were about one year old, and slaughtered at 92.0Ā±16.7 kg live body weight. The average lean content in the carcasses was 35.9Ā±2.8 %, while the content of intermuscular fat in MLD was 6.2Ā±1.2 %. In the MLD samples average content of proteins, water, fat and ash were 20.7Ā±0.5 %, 70.4Ā±0.5 %, 7.7Ā±0.5 % and 1.0Ā±0.1 %, respectively. Average cholesterol content was 41.4Ā±3.8 mg/100g. Shares of saturated fatty acids (Ī£SFA) in MLD fat was 35.6Ā±1.2 %, monounsaturated fatty acids (Ī£MUFA) was 56.6Ā±1.8 % and polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ī£PUFA) was 6.9Ā±1.2%. Within Ī£SFA the most common was palmitic acid (C16:0, 24.7Ā±0.6 %), wile within Ī£MUFA it was oleic acid (C18:1c-9, 46.9Ā±1.1 %) and within Ī£PUFA it was linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, 5.6Ā±1.0 %). Ī£PUFA and Ī£SFA ratio was 0.2Ā±0.0, while omega-6 and omega-3 ratio was 25.1Ā±5.6. Showed ratios are not desirable from the nutritional aspect of human diet
Plodnost nerasta - Ŕta je važno znati
The most important part in reproductive management is the control of boar fertility. A common division of fertility traits is on the: in vitro (sperm traits) and in vivo (return rate, farrowing rate and litter size traits) fertility. In many studies were found differences between breed in the both groups of fertility traits. Variability of sperm traits of boars during the reproductive exploitation is influenced by various genetic (boar, breed) and paragenetic factors/effects (age, season, intensity of use). Good libido is desirable characteristics in boars, but the knowledge of the correlation of libido and boar fertility traits are limited. Also, there is no standardised procedure or methods for the estimation of libido of the boars. The permanent ranking of boars according to the reproductive efficiency should be performing. Good reproductive management implies the timely identification of boars with the low fertility (or close to the average).Najvažniji segment u reproduktivnom menadžmentu je kontrola plodnosti nerasta. UobiÄajena je podela osobina plodnosti na: in vitro (osobine sperme) i in vivo (procenat povaÄanja, procenat praÅ”enja i osobine veliÄine legla) plodnost. Mnoga istraživanja pokazala su razlike izmeÄu rasa u obe grupe osobina plodnosti. Varijabilnost osobina sperme nerasta tokom iskoriÅ”Äavanja pod uticajem je razliÄitih genetskih (nerast, rasa) i paragenetskih (starost, sezona, intenzitet koriÅ”Äenja) faktora. Dobar libido je poželjna karakteristika nerasta, ali saznanja o povezanosti libida i plodnosti nerasta su ograniÄena. TakoÄe ne postoji standardizovana procedura ili metod za ocenu libida nerasta. Neophodno je stalno rangiranje nerasta na osnovu reproduktivne efikasnosti. Dobar reproduktivni menadžment podrazumeva pravovremenu identifikaciju nerasta sa niskom plodnoÅ”Äu (ili blizu proseka)
Variranje osobina tovljenika pod uticajem razliÄitih faktora
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the sire breed, sire within sire breed, genotype of fatteners, gender of fatteners, gender within sire breed, season of birth of fatteners and mass of warm carcass side on the following traits: back fat thickness - middle of the back (DSL), back fat thickness - lower back (DSK), meat yield of carcass sides (JUSKG) and percentage/share of meat in carcass sides (JUSPRO). The research was conducted in the experimental slaughterhouse and laboratory of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, and included females and castrated male animals. Sires of fatteners were pure breeds: Swedish Landrace (SL, n = 10), Large White (LW, n = 3) and Pietrain (P, n = 3), while the offspring belonged to the following genotypes: pure breed - Swedish Landrace (SL, n=252), and crosses of Large White x Swedish Landrace (LW x SL) (n=170), Pietrain x Swedish Landrace (P x SL) (n=13), [Pietrain x (Large White x Swedish Landrace)] P x (LW x SL) (n=35), [Swedish Landrace x (Large White x Swedish Landrace)] SL x (LW x SL) (n=33) and [Large White x (Large White x Swedish Landrace)] LW x (LW x SL) (n=33). The study included total 536 offspring of which 276 are male castrated and 260 female animals. In the winter 24 piglets were born, in the spring 95, in the summer 148 and autumn 269 piglets. It was established that the sire within sire breed Pietrain (S:P) does not affect the variation of the studied traits of fattening pigs (P>0.05); sire within sire breed Swedish Landrace (S:SL) does not affect the varying of the trait JUSPRO (P>0.05); season of birth within the Model 1 does not affect the traits yield and share of meat (P>0.05); the offspring gender within genotype (Gender : Genotype) does not affect the variation of fat thickness at the centre of the back (P>0.05). All other factors (sire breed, sire within the sire breed - Large White, gender and genotype of fattening pigs, gender within sire breed, the mass of warm carcass side, and also birth season of fattening pigs in the Model 2) included in the models showed statistically significant impact on the variability of traits of fattening pigs (P lt 0.05; P lt 0.01 and P lt 0.001).Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi uticaj rase oca, oca unutar rase oca, genotipa tovljenika, pola tovljenika, pola unutar rase oca, sezone roÄenja tovljenika i mase tople polutke na sledeÄe osobine tovljenika: debljina slanine na sredini leÄa (DSL), debljina slanine na krstima (DSK), prinos mesa u polutkama (JUSKG) i udeo mesa u polutkama (JUSPRO). Istraživanje je obavljeno u eksperimentalnoj klanici i laboratoriji Instituta za stoÄarstvo, Zemun-Beograd, kojim su obuhvaÄena ženska grla i muÅ”ka kastrirana grla. OÄevi tovljenika pripadaju Äistim rasama: Å”vedski landras (Sl, n=10), veliki jorkÅ”ir (VJ, n=3) i pijetren (P, n=3), dok potomci pripadaju sledeÄim genotipovima: od Äistih rasa zastupljen je Å”vedski landras (Å L), a od meleza javljaju se veliki jorkÅ”ir x Å”vedski landras (VJxSL), pijetren x Å”vedski landras (PxSL), [pijetren x(veliki jorkÅ”ir x Å”vedski landras)] Px(VJxSL), [Å”vedski landras x(veliki jorkÅ”ir x Å”vedski landras)] SLx(VJxSL) i [veliki jorkÅ”ir x(veliki jorkÅ”ir x Å”vedski landras)] VJx(VJxSL). UtvrÄeno je da otac unutar rase oca pijetren (O:P) ne utiÄe na variranje ispitivanih osobina tovljenika (P>0,05); otac unutar rase oca Å”vedski landras (O:Å L) ne utiÄe na variranje osobine JUSPRO (P>0,05); sezona roÄenja tovljenika ne utiÄe u okviru Modela 1 na osobine prinos i udeo mesa (P>0,05); pol potomaka unutar genotipa (Pol:Genotip) ne utiÄe na variranje debljine slanine na sredini leÄa (P>0,05). Svi ostali faktori ukljuÄeni u modele su pokazali statistiÄki znaÄajan uticaj na variranje osobina tovljenika (P lt 0,05; P lt 0,01 i P lt 0,001)
Plodnost nerasta - Ŕta je važno znati
The most important part in reproductive management is the control of boar fertility. A common division of fertility traits is on the: in vitro (sperm traits) and in vivo (return rate, farrowing rate and litter size traits) fertility. In many studies were found differences between breed in the both groups of fertility traits. Variability of sperm traits of boars during the reproductive exploitation is influenced by various genetic (boar, breed) and paragenetic factors/effects (age, season, intensity of use). Good libido is desirable characteristics in boars, but the knowledge of the correlation of libido and boar fertility traits are limited. Also, there is no standardised procedure or methods for the estimation of libido of the boars. The permanent ranking of boars according to the reproductive efficiency should be performing. Good reproductive management implies the timely identification of boars with the low fertility (or close to the average).Najvažniji segment u reproduktivnom menadžmentu je kontrola plodnosti nerasta. UobiÄajena je podela osobina plodnosti na: in vitro (osobine sperme) i in vivo (procenat povaÄanja, procenat praÅ”enja i osobine veliÄine legla) plodnost. Mnoga istraživanja pokazala su razlike izmeÄu rasa u obe grupe osobina plodnosti. Varijabilnost osobina sperme nerasta tokom iskoriÅ”Äavanja pod uticajem je razliÄitih genetskih (nerast, rasa) i paragenetskih (starost, sezona, intenzitet koriÅ”Äenja) faktora. Dobar libido je poželjna karakteristika nerasta, ali saznanja o povezanosti libida i plodnosti nerasta su ograniÄena. TakoÄe ne postoji standardizovana procedura ili metod za ocenu libida nerasta. Neophodno je stalno rangiranje nerasta na osnovu reproduktivne efikasnosti. Dobar reproduktivni menadžment podrazumeva pravovremenu identifikaciju nerasta sa niskom plodnoÅ”Äu (ili blizu proseka)
Mesnatost testiranih nazimica u tri uzastopne godine
In the present study, the aim was to determine the impact of the following factors: age, farm, and gilt genotype, as well as the regression impact of body weight at the end of the performance test on the following tested properties: age at the end of the test/final age (FA), lifetime daily gain (LDG), the backfat thickness measured in two places (according to the Main Breeding program for Central Serbia), the depth of the long back muscle (BM) and the estimated lean meat content/meatiness (M). The study included two farms of pigs (farm 1 and farm 2), for three consecutive years (year 1, year 2 and year 3). The number of tested heads per year was 974 (year 1), 1311 (year 2) and 757 (year 3). The tested gilts were of Swedish Landrace, Large White and Duroc breeds. The gilts originated from 97 sires, while the number of daughters per sires ranged from 10 to 100. The results show that the Duroc animals were the oldest (245 days), which had the highest values for both measures of backfat thickness, but the lowest values for meatiness. In the third study year, the lowest average values were determined for the properties of the LDG, BM and M. The female animals from the farm 1 showed less growth/gain and had lower values for the estimated meatiness. As a result of the study, it was established that all included factors had a very high statistically significant influence on the variation of the tested properties (P lt 0.001), only the genotype of gilts showed ahigh statistically significant effect on the BM property (P lt 0.01).U ovom istraživanju cilj je bio da se utvrdi kakav uticaj su imali sledeÄi faktori: godina, farma, i genotip nazimica kao i regresijski uticaj telesne mase na kraju performans testa na sledeÄe ispitivane osobine: uzrast na kraju testa (UKT), životni dnevni prirast (LDG), debljina slanine merena na dva mesta (u skladu sa Glavnim odgajivaÄkim pogramom), dubina dugog leÄnog miÅ”iÄa (BM) i procenjena mesnatost (M). Istraživanjem su obuhvaÄene dve farme svinja (farma 1 i farma 2), kroz tri uzastopne godine (godina 1, godina 2 i godina 3). Broj testiranih grla po godinama iznosio je: 974 (godina 1), 1311 (godina 2) i 757 (godina 3). Testirane nazimice su pripadale sledeÄim Äistim rasama Å”vedski landras, veliki jorkÅ”ir i Duroc. Nazimice potiÄu od 97 oÄeva, dok je broj kÄeri po oÄevima iznosio od 10 do 100. Rezultati pokazuju da su najstarija grla rase Duroc (245 dana), koja imaju i najveÄe vrednosti za obe mere debljine slanine, ali najmanje vrednosti za mesnatost. U treÄoj godini ispitivanja najmanje proseÄne vrednosti su utvrÄene za osobine LDG, BM i M. Ženska grla sa farme 1 su slabije prirastala i imala manje vrednosti za procenjenu mesnatost. Kao rezultat ispitivanja utvrÄeno je da su svi ukljuÄeni faktori veoma visoko statistiÄki znaÄajno uticali na variranje ispitivanih osobina (P lt 0.001), jedino genotip nazimica pokazuje visok statistiÄki znaÄajan uticaj na osobinu BM (P lt 0.01)
Uticaj pola i rase na fiziÄko-hemijske karakteristike mesa svinja
This study was conducted to investigate differences in characteristics of muscles from male and female fatteners from Mangalitsa and Swedish Landrace pig breed. The research was carried out on three muscles: m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum, m. gluteus medius and m. triceps brachii. Compared to the Swedish Landrace, it was found out that the meat of the Mangalitsa had considerably higher intramuscular fat content (p (lt) 0.05). The highest intramuscular fat content was determined in male fatteners of Mangalitsa in m. gluteus medius (6.81%) and the lowest in female fatteners of Landrace pig breed in the longissimus muscle (1.12%). As for technological quality of meat, after cooking, meat from Mangalitsa pig had greater cooking weight loss compared to Landrace and also lower shear force (SF) values for longissimus, but higher SF values for gluteus muscle. Gender had no statistically significant effect on technological meat quality. It can be concluded, on the base of the results, that the Mangalitsa pig, had favourable meat quality traits, which are very desired for production of traditional meat products of high quality.Ovaj ogled je imao za cilj da ispita razlike u fiziÄko-hemijskim karakteristikama miÅ”iÄa izmeÄu muÅ”kih i ženskih tovljenika rase mangulica i Å”vedski landras. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na tri miÅ”iÄa: longissimus thoracis et lumborum, gluteus medius i triceps brachii. U poreÄenju sa Å”vedskim landrasom, meso mangulica je imalo znatno veÄi udeo intramuskularne masti (p (lt) 0,05). NajveÄi sadržaj intramuskularne masti utvrÄen je kod muÅ”kih tovljenika rase mangulica u gluteus medius-u (6,81%), a najniži ko ženskih tovljenika rase Å”vedski landras u longissimus-u (1,12%). Å to se tiÄe tehnoloÅ”kog kvaliteta, meso mangulice je imalo veÄi gubitak mase tokom kuvanja u odnosu na meso landrasa i niže vrednosti sile seÄenja (SF) za longissimus, ali veÄe vrednosti sile seÄenja za gluteus miÅ”iÄ. Pol nije imao statistiÄki znaÄajan uticaj na parametre tehnoloÅ”kog kvaliteta mesa. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zakljuÄiti da meso mangulice ima veoma dobre parametre kvaliteta, a koji su poželjni pri proizvodnji tradicionalnih proizvoda od mesa
Uticaj genotipa i osmotskog stresa na klijavost i klijance kukuruza
The aim of this research was to estimate the influence of different NaCl osmotic solutions (0, -0.3 MPa, -0.6 MPa, -0.9 MPa, -1.2 MPa, -1.5 MPa) on seed germination, and early seedling growth in two maize hybrid different maturity groups (ZP 560 - FAO 500 and ZP 666 - FAO 600). Germination was tested in sterile plastic vessels on filter paper moistened with different NaCl solutions, in the dark at 20 Ā± 1Ā°C, in laboratory. Results of ANOVA indicated that hybrid ZP 666 had significantly higher root length (RL) (6.37 cm), shoot length (ShL) (2.06 cm), shoot fresh weight (ShFW) (43.86 mg), root dry weight (RDW) (7.56 mg), shoot dry weight (ShDW) (5.97 mg), seedling vigor index (SVI) (706.55) and dry matter stress tolerance index (DMSI) (55.85%) than hybrid ZP 560 (4.18 cm, 1.14 cm, 32.50 mg, 6.54 mg, 4.15 mg, 457.61 and 48.86%, respectively). Contrary, hybrid ZP 560 had significantly higher relative seedling water content (RSWC) (83.83%) and phytotoxicity of shoot (PhSh) (69.77%) than hybrid ZP 666 (81.16% and 62.51%, respectively). Generally, hybrid ZP 666 had better tolerance to salt stress than hybrid ZP 560. Germination energy (GE), germination (G), RL, ShL, root fresh weight (RFW), ShFW, RDW, ShDW, rate germination index (RGI), SVI, RSWC and DMSI were significantly decreased with the increase in osmotic stress induced by NaCl. Contrary, phytotoxicity of root (PhR) and PhSh significantly increased with the increase in osmotic stress.Cilj istraživanja bio je da se odredi uticaj razliÄitog NaCl osmotskog rastvora (0, -0.3 MPa, -0.6 MPa, -0.9 MPa, -1.2 MPa, -1.5 MPa) na klijavost semena i rani porast klijanaca dva hibrida kukuruza razliÄite grupe zrenja (ZP 560 - FAO 500 and ZP 666 - FAO 600). Klijavost je testirana u laboratorijskim uslovima u sterilnim plastiÄnim kutijama na filter papiru natopljenom sa razliÄitim NaCl osmotskim rastvorom, u mraku na 20 Ā± 1Ā°C. Rezultati ANOVA pokazali su da je hibrid ZP 666 imao znaÄajno veÄu dužinu korena (DK) (6.37 cm), dužinu stabla (DS) (2.06 cm), masu svežeg stabla (MSvS) (43.86 mg), masu suvog korena (MSuK) (7.56 mg), masu suvog stabla (MSuS) (5.97 mg), vigor indeks klijanca (VI) (706.55) i indeks tolerancije suve materije na stres (ITSM) (55.85%) nego hibrid ZP 560 (4.18 cm, 1.14 cm, 32.50 mg, 6.54 mg, 4.15 mg, 457.61 i 48.86%). Suprotno, hibrid ZP 560 imao je znaÄajno veÄi relativni sadržaj vode u klijancima (RSVK) (83.83%) i fitotoksiÄnost stabla (FS) (69.77%) nego hibrid ZP 666 (81.16% and 62.51%, respectively). Generalno hibrid hibrid ZP 666 imao je bolju toleranciju na stres soli nego hibrid ZP 560. Energija klijanja (EK), klijavost (K), DK, DS, masa svežeg korena (MSvK), MSvS, MSuK, MSuS, indeks klijanja (IK), VI, RSVK i ITSM su signifikantno smanjeni sa poveÄanjem osmotskog stresa indukovanog sa NaCl. Suprotno, fitotoksiÄnost stabla i fitotoksiÄnost korena su se znaÄajno poveÄali sa poveÄanjem osmotskog stresa
Promene hemijskih i fiziÄko-hemijskih karakteristika tokom proizvodnje tradicionalne Sremske kobasice
The aim of this trial was to investigate changes in chemical and physic-chemical parameters during the production of traditional Sremska sausage (dry fermented sausage) from pork of three pig breeds: Mangalitsa (MA), Moravka (MO) and Swedish Landrace (SL). Analyses of all variants of sausages were carried out after stuffing (day 0) and on production days 3, 7, 14 and 21. The reduction in moisture during production caused the increase in protein, fat and ash contents (p lt 0.001) in all three variants of sausages, were found to be within the range for this type of sausages. Higher fat content in MA and MO sausages compared to SL variant was most likely a result of the different chemical composition of the meat from pigs of autochthonous breeds. All three sausage variants had a similar final pH value, but the mildest drop of pH was determined in MA sausages. Pig breed significantly affected (p lt 0.05) all three indicators of oxidative changes (thiobarbituric acid value, peroxide value and free fatty acid content). It was found that they were higher in SL compared with MA and MO sausages and to significantly increase during the production process.Cilj ovog ogleda bio je da se ispitaju promene tokom proizvodnje Sremske kobasice (suva fermentisana kobasica) na tradicionalan naÄin od mesa tri rase svinja: Mangulica (MA), Moravka (MO) i Å vedski Landras (SL). Analize svih varijanti kobasica su raÄene nakon punjenja (dan 0) i nakon 3-, 7-, 14- i 21-og dana proizvodnje. Smanjenje udela vode tokom proizvodnje imalo je za posledicu poveÄanje udela proteina, masti i pepela u svim grupama (p lt 0,001), i bilo je karakteristiÄno za ovaj tip kobasica. UtvrÄen veÄi udeo masti kod MA i MO kobasica u poreÄenju sa SL varijantom, verovatno je posledica razliÄitog hemijskog sastava mesa autohtonih rasa svinja. Sve tri varijante kobasica su imale sliÄnu finalnu pH vrednost, meÄutim, najblaži pad pH vrednosti tokom proizvodnje utvrÄen je kod MA kobasica. Rasa svinja je imala znaÄajan uticaj na parametre oksidativnih promena (broj tiobarbiturne kiseline, peroksidni broj i sadržaj slobodnih masnih kiselina). UtvrÄeno je da su bili veÄi kod SL u odnosu na MA i MO grupu kobasica i da se znaÄajno poveÄavaju tokom procesa proizvodnje
Proximate composition and sensory characteristics of Sremska sausage produced in a traditional smoking house
The goal of this paper was to determine the proximate composition and sensory characteristics during storage of Sremska sausage produced in a traditional way in the smoking house, from the meat of commercial 7-month-old Swedish Landrace pigs. Sausages were produced in December; the muscle-fat ratio was 75:25, with the addition of 2.2% nitrite curing salt and spices. After filling in pig small intestine, the sausages were hung to dry with the temperature ranging between 10-15Ā°C and relative humidity between 75-90%. They were then occasionally smoked during the first 14 days. Sampling and chemical analyses were carried out on 0, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day of production. Sensory evaluation was performed at the end of the production process (first day) and during storage, on 60th and 120th day. The sausage was characterized by a long ripening period, which is considered typical for the traditional production method. The minimum pH (4.97) was reached on 14th day, then it increased slightly to 5.18 (21st day). The values of acidity and peroxide number of the fat increased at the end of the production process. During the ripening, water content significantly decreased (from 58.13% at beginning to 30.21% at the end), that resulted in large weight loss of 41%, while the proportion of fat, protein and ash significantly increased. At the end, final product had distinctive spicy flavor, dark red color and firm consistency. During storage, overall sensory quality has slightly reduced, but sensory scores were still high for this type of product
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