Assessment of selected Saudi and Yemeni plants for mosquitocidal activities against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti

© 2019 by the authors. Marine organisms are recognized as a source of compounds with interesting biological activities. Vibrio neocaledonicus has been reported on for its high effectiveness against corrosion in metals but it has been little studied for its chemical and biological activities. In this study, four compounds were isolated from V. neocaledonicus: indole (1); 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2); 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3) and Cyclo (-Pro-Tyr) (4); using a bioassay-guided method, since in a previous study it was found that the ethyl acetate extract was active on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alpha-glucosidase (AG) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The inhibitory activities of the three compounds against AChE, AG and XO was also evaluated. In addition, the enzymatic inhibitory activity of indole to the toxins from the venom of Bothrops asper was tested. Results showed that indole exhibited strong inhibitory activity to AG (IC50 = 18.65 ± 1.1 µM), to AChE, and XO (51.3% and 44.3% at 50 µg/mL, respectively). 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde displayed strong activity to XO (IC50 = 13.36 ± 0.39 µM). 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde showed moderate activity to XO (50.75% at 50 µg/mL) and weak activity to AChE (25.7% at 50 µg/mL). Furthermore, indole showed a significant in vitro inhibition to the coagulant effect induced by 1.0 µg of venom. The findings were supported by molecular docking. This is the first comprehensive report on the chemistry of V. neocaledonicus and the bioactivity of its metabolites

Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of endemic Centaurea fenzlii Reichardt on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

YIRTICI, Umit/0000-0002-0142-6105; Sarimahmut, Mehmet/0000-0003-2647-5875WOS: 000400179800013The main purpose of this study was to analyze the cytotoxic activity of an extract obtained from Centaurea fenzlii Reichardt, and the fractions eluted from this extract, in breast cancer cells. After isolation and structural analysis of the fractions were conducted, a meaningful cytotoxic effect was indicated. The goal of the analysis was to reveal the mechanism by which this effect occurs through researching the apoptotic side of these fractions and determining the amount of several proteins that are the products of the genes. Test substances were applied to breast cancer cells and the inhibitory concentration value 50 (IC50) that caused a cytotoxic effect was determined using MTT and ATP assays. The Centaurea fenzlii Reichardt dichloromethane extracts-ethyl acetate fractions (CFDCM-EAF) exhibited a stronger growth-inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells (45.771 mu g/mL). The apoptotic effect was studied using double staining and flow cytometry. The death rate in the cells treated with the CFDCM-EAF IC50 dose was approximately 90%: 9.2% living cells, 22.8% necrotic cells, 62.3% late apoptotic cells, and 5.8% early apoptotic cells. Structural analysis of the CFDCM-EAF, which indicated significant cytotoxic effects, was performed using chromatographic methods. Hispidulin was the major component of the CFDCM-EAF by LC-APCI-MS/MS analysis.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110T905]This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK Project No. 110T905). The authors would like to thank E Ulukaya (Prof in Faculty of Medicine at Uludag University) and N Kirimer (Prof in Faculty of Pharmacy at Anadolu University) for their comments on experiments, and F Yilmaz for her technical assistance

In vitro antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of Salvia virgata Jacq. from Turkey

Antioxidant activities and phenolic compositions of the active fractions of Salvia virgata Jacq. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey were examined. The aerial part of S. virgata was extracted with different solvents in an order of increasing polarity such as hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and 50% aqueous methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. Water extract was also prepared from S. virgata by reflux. All solvent fractions were investigated for their total phenolic contents, total flavonoids, flavonols, qualitative-quantitative compositions (by HPLC-PDA analysis), iron(III) reductive activities, free radical scavenging activities (using DPPH center dot), and effect upon linoleic acid peroxidation activities; also, the peroxidation level was determined by the TBA method. The results of activity tests given as IC50 values were estimated from nonlinear algorithm and compared with standards, viz., butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid, and gallic acid. Polar fractions were found to be more active for free radical activity whereas nonpolar fractions protected the peroxidation of linoleic acid. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant component in the extracts, followed by caffeic acid and lutelin-7-O-glycoside

In vitro antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of Salvia halophila Hedge from Turkey

An endemic plant of Turkey Salvia halophila Hedge (Lamiaceae) was examined for its antioxidant activity and phenolic compositions. The aerial part of S. halophila was extracted with different solvents in an order of increasing polarity such as hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and 50% methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. Water extract was also prepared from S. halophila by reflux. All solvent fractions were investigated for their total phenolic contents, flavonoids, flavonols, qualitative-quantitative compositions, iron(III) reductive activities, free radical scavenging activities and the effect upon linoleic acid peroxidation activities. The peroxidation level was also determined by the TBA method. The results of activity tests given as IC50 values were estimated from non-linear algorithm and compared with standards via BHT, ascorbic acid, gallic acid. Polar fractions were found more active among the others in free radical activity system whereas non-polar fractions protected the peroxidation of linoleic acid. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant component, in the extracts. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Antimicrobial and toxicity profiles evaluation of the Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial agents

In this present study, commercial Pharmacopeia (PhEur) grade chamomile essential oil (Mairicariae aetheroleurn) was combined with different antimicrobial agents including ampicillin sodium, cefuroxime acetyl, tetracycline hydrochloride, fluconazole and nystatin. All combinations were evaluated in vitro against pathogenic standard and clinical resistant Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial isolates as well as against Candida albicans for their broad antimicrobial effectiveness. Furthermore, the essential oil was fractioned by column chromatography using n-hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane and methanol, respectively. Additionally, all fractions of essential oil were tested in combinations for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) against the resistant microbial pathogens. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by microdilution method and antimicrobial interactions were assayed using the checkerboard method. Cytotoxicity of compounds were evaluated using Cytotox-XTT-1 1:rameter Kit in WS1 cells and Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence toxicity assay. The analyses proved that alpha-bisabolol oxide A (47.7%), (E)-beta-famesene (21.5%), alpha-bisabolol oxide B (6.2%), alpha-bisabolone oxide A (5.8%), chamazulene (4.1%) and alpha-bisabolol (2.2%), respectively were the major compounds and in compliance with PhEur. The essential oil combination of fluconazole and nystatin showed "synergic and additive inhibitory effects" against the clinical Candida strain. According to the IC50 values obtained, the inhibitory concentrations of combinations against the clinical Candida strain can be considered to be selective when compared with its effect on WS1 cells. Additionally, the essential oil combination of fluconazole and nystatin showed low toxicity against A. fischeri

Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and enzyme inhibition-docking analyses of Salvia ekimiana Celep & Dogan

Salvia ekimiana Celep & Dogan is an endemic species of Turkey. To our knowledge, the number of studies on biological activities and phytochemical profiling of this plant is quite limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze its activities and phytochemical content in detail. The qualitative-quantitative compositions were determined via spectrophotometric and chromatographic (LC-MS/MS and HPLC) techniques. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH center dot) and 2,2'-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS(center dot+)) radical scavenging and ascorbate-iron (III)-catalyzed phospholipid peroxidation experiments were performed to measure antioxidant capacity. Hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase enzyme inhibition tests were determined in vitro using a spectrophotometer. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated in human lung cancer (A549) and human breast cancer (MCF7) cells. The murine fibroblast (L929) cell line was used as a normal control cell. While the subextract rich in phenolic compounds was n-butanol extract, rosmarinic acid was defined as the main secondary metabolite. The highest antioxidant activity observed for the n-butanol subextract included the following: DPPH center dot EC50: 0.08 +/- 0.00 mg/mL, TEAC/ABTS: 2.19 +/- 0.09 mmol/L Trolox, MDA EC50: 0.42 +/- 0.03 mg/mL. The methanolic extract, the ethyl acetate, and n-butanol subextracts displayed significant inhibitory activity on collagenase, while the other subextracts did not show any inhibitory activity on hyaluronidase and elastase. Due to strong interactions with their active sites, molecular docking showed luteolin 7-glucuronide, apigenin 7-glucuronide, and luteolin 5-glucoside had the highest binding affinity with target enzymes. The chloroform subextract showed significant cytotoxicity in all cell lines. These novel results revealed that S. ekimiana has strong antioxidant, collagenase enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic potential. (C) 2021 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Potential anti-Alzheimer effects of selected Lamiaceae plants through polypharmacology on glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, beta-secretase, and casein kinase 1 delta

The aerial parts of Lamiaceae plants have been used since ancient times all over the world, especially in Mediterranean cultures, for their medicinal and culinary properties. Although some of them have a historical role in the improvement of cognition and memory, the precise mechanism of these plants remains unclear