Barns verdi. Om Per Sivles dyrebiografier i Illustreret Tidende for Børn

Artikkelen tar for seg seks tekster av den norske forfatteren Per Sivle (1857–1904) og leser disse som refleksjoner over barns verdi. Tekstene blir omtalt som dyrebiografier og spørsmålet om barns verdi drøftes i lys av forholdet mellom dyr-barn-menneske. Artikkelen er teoretisk og filosofisk motivert av Giorgio Agambens biopolitiske tenkning og Jean-Jacques Rousseaus argument for barns egenart

A feeling of nature in contemporary Norwegian picturebooks

This article examines and discusses how children’s literature, in particular four contemporary Norwegian picturebooks in which maps are provided, may help readers to connect, combine and relate their aesthetic reading experiences to their outdoor activities and, through this interrelation, develop or strengthen a feeling of nature that is necessary if one is to become an ecocitizen, aware of the need for a sustainable society. The analysis is informed by ecocriticism (Glotfelty 1996; Garrard 2012), and by writings that focus on the aesthetic representation of the idyll (Gifford 2014), the theory of literary maps (Goga 2015) and the theory of outdoor education (Presthus Heggen 2015). The investigation contributes to the research on nature in children’s literature undertaken by the research group, Nature in Children’s Literature and Culture (NaChiLitCul) at the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences

Characterizing end-host application performance across multiple networking environments

International audienceUsers today connect to the Internet everywhere - from home, work, airports, friend's homes, and more. This paper characterizes how the performance of networked applications varies across networking environments. Using data from a few dozen end-hosts, we compare the distributions of RTTs and download rates across pairs of environments. We illustrate that for most users the performance difference is statistically significant. We contrast the influence of the application mix and environmental factors on these performance differences

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Det sublime og det skjønne som estetisk kvalitet i nyere norsk bildebokkritikk

This article analyses a specific number of picture book reviews on prize-winning Norwegian picture books from 1998-2008. The subject for the analysis is to examine what kind of aesthetic thinking that is expressed in the reviewer’s judgement of the book. I found that it was possible to relate the reviews to two well established concepts in classic aesthetic theory, namely the concept of the beauty and the sublime. To illustrate this I have studied more exhaustive a smaller number of reviews on two different books.Keywords: picture books, literary criticism, aesthetic theory, the beauty, the sublim

Home is outdoors: A study of award-winning Norwegian picturebooks

Based on an investigation of 34 award-winning Norwegian picturebooks spanning the years from 1948 to 2010, I found that a substantial number portray outdoor spaces in nature as the most prevalent domestic space. My aim is to explore the depicted child’s relation to nature and discuss whether the child seeks to master nature, and how the idea of ‘mastering nature’ may be perceived. From the corpus, ten books have been selected for this exploration. The article is structured in three parts. First, I outline the comparative framework and the main findings of my inquiry into the whole corpus. Second, I sketch a theoretical background for the following analyses. This background is supported by studies on the importance of nature in Norwegian children’s literature and on the competent Nordic child. Finally, I present my analyses of the selected picturebooks with an emphasis on possible differences between boy and girl characters

Hva er greia med å engasjere barn og unge? En undersøkelse av hvordan voksne bokmeldere og formidlere vurderer oppfordringer til handling i sakprosa for barn om miljø- og klimaspørsmål

Nyere forskning på endringer i litterære forestillinger om barn og barndom legger vekt på hvordan barns agency (aktørskap) kommer til uttrykk i ord og bilder. Denne vektleggingen av barns aktørskap kan ses i sammenheng med endringer innen dannings- og utdanningstenkning, blant annet slik det kommer til uttrykk i den nye norske læreplanens vektlegging av kritisk tenkning og UNESCOs vektlegging av critical thinking competency. Materialet for denne artikkelen består primært av bokmeldinger, men også av nominasjonstekster og forlagspresentasjoner knyttet til tre miljø- og klimaengasjerte sakprosabøker for barn. Jeg undersøker her hvordan voksne bokmeldere og formidlere av sakprosa for barn forholder seg til ideen om at barn har rett til å stille spørsmål ved de praksiser og verdier voksne har et betydelig ansvar for. For å svare på problemstillingen gjør jeg først greie for hva jeg her legger i begrepet «aktørskap», hvilken sammenheng det er mellom dette og vektleggingen av kritisk tenkning i den nye norske læreplanen, Kunnskapsløftet 2020, og kritisk tenkning som nøkkelkompetanse for bærekraftig utvikling. Jeg ser så nærmere på forskningsbidrag som undersøker hvordan barns aktørskap fremstilles i nyere barnelitteratur, og samler til slutt de ulike perspektivene i en teoridrevet innholdsanalyse av materialet, der jeg undersøker hvordan de voksne bokmelderne og formidlerne (a) vurderer hva som kjennetegner vellykket kunnskapsformidling i sakprosa for barn, (b) oppfatter oppfordringer til barns aktørskap slik det kommer til uttrykk i de tre bøkene, og (c) vurderer dette aktørskapet i forhold til de voksnes egen samfunnsrolle

Gjøre hva og hvordan?

Doing What and How? New Swedish Nonfiction for Children and Young Adults on Environmental and Climate Issues in Light of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child The aim of this article is to examine a selection of new Swedish nonfiction for children and young adults focusing on how environmental and climate issues are presented and in what ways the books encourage children and young adults to actively engage in dealing with the issues that are thematized. The material for the survey is based on the Swedish Institute for Children’s Books’ Book Tasting reports on books published in the years 2015–2020 and the titles mentioned there with relevance to the topic. The theoretical and methodological framework for the study is based on recent and relevant research on nonfiction for children and young adults, and on what is referred to as a child-centered and critical approach to children's literature based on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. An examination of the material in question against the background of the Convention on the Rights of the Child should be considered highly relevant because issues related to the environment and climate are affected by Article 24, which states that children have the right to the best possible health care, clean drinking water, healthy food, and a clean and safe environment to live in

Maria Nikolajeva, Barnbokens byggklossar

Review/Recensio