The influence of defects of the fatigue resistance of butt and girth welds in A106B steel

This three-phase study was directed at developing a fitness for service defect acceptance criteria for welds with defect indications. The study focussed on A106 Gr. B steel pipe. The first phase involved a literature search and critical review to develop the preliminary acceptance criteria to the extent permitted by the data. The second phase developed data for flat plate, wall segment, and vessel specimens containing artificial or natural planar or volumetric defects. The final phase developed acceptance criteria from the test data

Calibration of the LIGO displacement actuators via laser frequency modulation

We present a frequency modulation technique for calibration of the displacement actuators of the LIGO 4-km-long interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. With the interferometer locked in a single-arm configuration, we modulate the frequency of the laser light, creating an effective length variation that we calibrate by measuring the amplitude of the frequency modulation. By simultaneously driving the voice coil actuators that control the length of the arm cavity, we calibrate the voice coil actuation coefficient with an estimated 1-sigma uncertainty of less than one percent. This technique enables a force-free, single-step actuator calibration using a displacement fiducial that is fundamentally different from those employed in other calibration methods.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravit

Lasalocid Sodium Supplementation For Grazing Steers

Lasalocid sodium (Bovatec) is a feed additive which has been reported to promote growth and improve feed utilization by cattle. The product appears to function by stimulating a more favorable and efficient microbial fermentation of the feed, thus improving rate and efficiency of production. Other research has also indicated the product to be an effective coccidiostat for cattle. A previous experiment (CATTLE 80-10) with feedlot steers fed a high-grain ration resulted in 4.3% greater gains with 8.3% less feed (ADG , 3.23 lb. with 7.63 lb. feed per 1b. gain for the control group). In the experiment reported here, lasalocid was tested for its effects on weight gain of grazing steers. The product was fed at two levels and compared to a nonmedicated control and to monensin (Rumensin)

Ear Corn and Shelled Corn Diets for Finishing Cattle

Comparisons were made between ear corn and shelled corn in various types of diets for finishing cattle. These data should be considered most appropriate for heavy yearling cattle fed over a period of about 4 months

Lasalocid or Monensin Supplementation for Short Periods of Finishing

Information is needed on response to lasalocid and monensin under conditions of rapid adaptation to high-concentrate diets and short periods of finishing for heavyweight cattle. Two experiments were conducted to obtain data when feeding under these conditions

Lasalocid Supplementation for Grazing Steers

Management systems for pastures and for the grazing animals can be major factors in the amount and efficiency of production. Several nutritive and nonnutritive products have been reported to improve utilization of pasture forages and animal performance. Improvement in rate and efficiency of production can be of considerable economic benefit. The importance becomes greater with increasing costs and livestock production. Lasalocid sodium (Bovatec) is a feed additive shown to improve growth rate and feed efficiency of cattle in the feedlot and on pasture. Two experiments were conducted to test the product when fed at 100, 200 or 300 mg per head daily in a corn supplement to steers grazing predominately bromegrass pasture

Implanting Site for Ralgro Compared to Synovex-S for Growing and Finishing Steers

Previous experiments (CATTLE 81-2) compared Ralgro implanted at the conventional shallow site, about mid-ear between skin and cartilage of the ear, and at an alternate deep site near the base of the ear to Synovex-S for finishing steers. In two experiments, the average improvements in weight gain for Ralgro at the shallow site, the deep site and Synovex-S were 8.3, 11.1 and 12.0%, respectively, over non-implanted controls. Feed efficiency was improved 7.1, 4.8 and 5.6%, respectively, over controls for these implant treatments. Additional data were considered desirable to include a growing phase as well as a finishing phase using the same implant treatments as in the previous experiments

The detection of geothermal areas from Skylab thermal data

Skylab-4 X-5 thermal data of the geysers area was analyzed to determine the feasibility of using midday Skylab images to detect geothermal areas. The hottest ground areas indicated on the Skylab image corresponded to south-facing barren or sparsely vegetated slopes. A geothermal area approximately 15 by 30 m coincided with one of the hottest areas indicated by Skylab. This area could not be unambiguously distinguished from the other areas which are believed to be hotter than their surroundings as a result of their topography, and micrometeorological conditions. A simple modification of a previous thermal model was performed and the predicted temperatures for the hottest slopes using representative values was in general agreement with the observed data. It is concluded that data from a single midday Skylab pass cannot be used to locate geothermal areas

RNA Interference by Production of Short Hairpin dsRNA in ES Cells, Their Differentiated Derivatives, and in Somatic Cell Lines

dsRNA of several hundred nucleotides in length is effective at interfering with gene expression in mouse oocytes, pre-implantation embryos, and embryonic stem (ES) cells but is not as efficient in differentiated cell lines. Here we describe a method to achieve RNA interference in totipotent and differentiated ES cells together with a wide range of other mammalian cell types that is both simple and efficient. It utilizes a linearized plasmid that directs the expression of a hairpin RNA with a 22-nucleotide-paired region. This molecule has a 13-nucleotide 5′ overhang that would be subject to capping on its 5′ phosphoryl group and thus differs from the ideal structure suggested for effective small interfering RNAs. Thus, it appears either that the structure of small inhibitory RNA molecules may not need to be as precise as previously thought or that such a transcript is efficiently processed to a form that is effective in interfering with gene expression

Implanting Site for Zeranol Compared to Synovex-S for Finishing Steers

Numerous experiments during the past several years have shown that ear implants of diethylstilbestrol (DES and DES also as a feed additive), Synovex or zeranol (Ralgro) improve weight gain and feed efficiency of growing and finishing steers and heifers. The improvement has been reported from an early age throughout growing and finishing by reimplanting of the products at appropriate intervals. Improvement has been reported with numerous types of rations, but the degree of response may vary with the nutritional adequacy. DES has been more widely used because of the greater amount of information on the product and lower cost in comparison to Synovex and zeranol. Since the banning of DES, there has been more interest in the response that might be expected from Synovex and zeranol. Implanting technique has also received considerable emphasis as to the effects on degree and uniformity of response from implants. We have completed two experiments with finishing steers where responses to Synovex-S and zeranol were compared to nonimplanted controls. Two implanting sites were used for zeranol in each experiment