SISTEMAS GROUPWARE PARA EL DISEÑO DE DIAGRAMA DE CLASES UML EN AMBIENTES TÁCTILES

ResumenEn las últimas décadas, se han explorado metodologías para el desarrollo de software que apoyen a personas en la realización de una actividad colaborativa. Estos sistemas conocidos como Groupware, ofrecen herramientas que apoyan la comunicación, colaboración y coordinación de personas en el cumplimiento de objetivos comunes. Estos sistemas son enfocados a dominios convencionales a través de sistemas Web o escritorio, los cuales apoyan ambientes de oficina, videojuegos, entre otros.  Por ello, este artículo explora escenarios colaborativos educativos apoyados por ambientes táctiles, donde usuarios utilizan un espacio digital táctil para dibujar o plasmar ideas. Para esto, se analizan elementos utilizados para ofrecer a usuarios de ambientes digitales que apoyen al diseño de diagramas de clases en la Programación Orientada a Objetos con una perspectiva educativa. Por tanto, se estudia el comportamiento de equipos cuando interactúan al realizar diagramas de clases de forma colaborativa en ambientes tradicionales, es decir, sin tener apoyo didáctico digital o pizarra táctil. Entre los resultados encontrados en ambientes sin apoyo digital, destacan falta de espacio y pérdida de secuencia de la actividad, además de hacer evidente la falta de reglas para el desarrollo de la actividad. Por lo tanto, en este artículo se propone el diseño conceptual de un sistema Groupware que apoye la enseñanza en el diseño de diagramas de clases soportado por un ambiente táctil.Palabra(s) Clave: CSCW, Diseño de interfaz de usuario, Pizarra interactiva, Sistemas groupware. GROUPWARE SYSTEMS FOR THE DESIGN OF UML CLASS DIAGRAMS IN TACTILE ENVIRONMENTSAbstractOver the last decades, methodologies have been explored in order to develop software that assist people to carry out collaborative activities. These systems are known as Groupware, which provide tools that support communication, collaboration and coordination of people for accomplishing common goals. These systems are focused on conventional domains through web systems or desktop, which support office environments, videogames among others. Therefore, this paper presents educational collaborative scenarios assisted by tactile environments where students make use of a digital touch space to draw or capture ideas. Consequently, used elements are analyzed to offer users of digital environments assistance while designing diagrams in Object-oriented programming with an educational perspective. Thus, the behavior of the teams that interact at the moment of designing class diagrams collaboratively in traditional environments is studied; in other words, without digital didactic support or a digital interactive whiteboards. Among the found results without digital support, there are some drawbacks such as the lack of space and loss of activity sequence, which evidently shows the lack of rules for the activity development. Therefore, this paper proposes the conceptual design of a Groupware system that assists the teaching of class diagrams supported by a touch screen environment.Keywords: CSCW, Groupware systems, Interactive whiteboard, User interface design

«Oberexia»: The desire to be fat(ter) in adults with excess weight

Introduction: Despite of being scarce, evidence is growing on the existence of a group of overweight and obese individuals who do not consider their weight a risk factor for disease and who associate their weight and body with health, vigor, beauty and well-being. Consequently, they manifest a desire to maintain or even increase their weight. We propose an attempt of nomenclature, Oberexia, for this new social reality, and we describe its main characteristics and present empirical observational findings supporting the existence of this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and characteristics of Oberexia in a national sample of Spanish 16 to 60-years-old adults. Methodology: Perceptions of body weight/size/shape and composition, and body satisfaction were assessed in overweight and obese adults through silhouettes, questions and discrepancies. Results: One in ten of the participants self-perceived their body as normal in weight or size. A total of 6.5% wanted to have overweight or obese bodies. A case-to-case analysis revealed that 4.2% of the participants wanted to maintain their appearance, and 1.8% wanted a body with greater weight. All these findings are related to fat mass instead of muscle mass. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of a subgroup of overweight and obese individuals who differ from the traditional subgroup of individuals with excess weight who are dissatisfied with their body. We encourage to explore the outcomes on health and the possible clinical implications of this condition.Introducción: Aunque escasa, existe evidencia creciente sobre la existencia de un grupo de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad que no consideran su exceso de peso un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad y asocian su peso y su cuerpo con salud, vigor, belleza y bienestar. Como consecuencia, manifiestan el deseo mantener o incluso incrementar su peso. Realizamos una propuesta de nomenclatura para esta realidad social, Oberexia, describimos sus principales características y presentamos resultados empíricos observacionales que apoyan la existencia de esta condición. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue explorar la prevalencia y características de la Oberexia en una muestra nacional de adultos españoles de 16 a 60 años. Metodología: Las percepciones de peso/tamaño/forma y composición corporal de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad y su satisfacción corporal fueron evaluadas utilizando siluetas, preguntas y discrepancias. Resultados: Uno de cada diez participantes percibió su cuerpo como normal en términos de peso y tamaño. Un 6.5% de los participantes con exceso de peso quería tener cuerpos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Un análisis caso-a-caso reveló que el 4.2% de los participantes deseaba mantener su apariencia, y el 1.8% deseaba aumentar de peso. Un 3% de los participantes podrían ser casos de Oberexia. Estos hallazgos se refieren a masa grasa y no a masa muscular. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados apoyan la existencia de un subgrupo de personas con exceso de peso que difieren del tradicional subgrupo de individuos obesos que se encuentran insatisfechos con su cuerpo. Es momento de explorar las consecuencias para la salud de la Oberexia y las posibles implicaciones clínicas de esta condición.Introdução: Apesar de escassas, crescem as evidências sobre a existência de um grupo de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade que não consideram o excesso de peso um fator de risco para a doença e associam seu peso e corpo com saúde, vigor, beleza e bem-estar. Consequentemente, eles manifestam o desejo de manter ou mesmo aumentar seu peso. Fizemos uma proposta de nomenclatura para essa realidade social, Oberexia, descrevemos suas principais características e apresentamos resultados empíricos observacionais que sustentam a existência dessa condição. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar a prevalência e as características de Oberexia em uma amostra nacional de adultos espanhóis de 16 a 60 anos. Metodologia: As percepções de peso/tamanho/forma e composição corporal de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade e sua satisfação corporal foram avaliadas por meio de silhuetas, perguntas e discrepâncias. Resultados: Um em cada dez participantes percebeu seu corpo como normal em termos de peso ou tamanho. Um 6.5% dos participantes com excesso de peso desejava ter corpos com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Uma análise caso-a-caso revelou que 4.2% dos participantes queriam manter a aparência e 1.8% desejavam ganhar peso. Un 3% dos participantes poderia ser casos de Oberexia. Todos esses achados referem-se à massa gorda e não à massa muscular. Conclusões: Nossos resultados confirmam a existência de um subgrupo de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade que diferem do subgrupo tradicional de indivíduos com excesso de peso insatisfeitos com seu corpo. É momento de explorar as consequências para a saúde de a Oberexia e as possíveis implicações clínicas dessa condição

Análisis bibliométrico de la literatura publicada sobre SIDA en el Sur de África

The purpose of this work is to present the results of a bibliometric research conducted on AIDS in Africa, Southern. The literature production and communication patterns were analysed in an attempt to obtain indicators so as to support the decision making processes related to the prevention and control of AIDS. An Internet MEDLINE bibliographic search was conducted on AIDS and Africa, Southern for the period 1980-2001. The research was limited to studies conducted on humans; and indicators related to productivity, geographic distribution by country, language and subject content were identified.A total of 1.820 postings were retrieved and analysed. Main production was distributed among South Africa (42.36%), Zimbabwe (20.44%) and Zambia (19.90%). Most of the documents corresponded to articles published in scientific journals (55.33%). English was the main language used (97.75%); and the production in collaboration of two or more authors was significant (55.61%). The subject content of the research was related mainly to Health Education, Infant, and Sex Behaviour. A high production at the national level —mainly local universities— and the influence of USA and United Kingdom academic institutions was also found. A comparison with other geographic regions as well as the lines for further research actions are described.El propósito de este trabajo es el de presentar los resultados de un proyecto de investigación bibliométrica realizado sobre SIDA en la región del Sur de África. El estudio pretende identificar los mecanismos de producción y comunicación de la literatura existentes, en un esfuerzo por apoyar a los procesos de toma de decisiones relacionados con la prevención y el control del SIDA. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica en MEDLINE sobre SIDA (AIDS) y el Sur de África (Africa Southern), para el período 1980-2001. La investigación se limitó a estudios realizados en seres humanos; y se buscaron indicadores relacionados con el tipo de producción, periodicidad anual, distribución geográfica por país, cobertura de idioma y temática.Se encontró un total de 1.820 registros. La producción mayor se registró para South Africa (42,36%), Zimbabwe (20,44%) y Zambia (19,90%). En su mayoría, la producción correspondió a artículos publicados en revistas científicas (55,33%); en idioma inglés (97,75%) y derivada de la colaboración de dos o más autores (55,61%). La cobertura temática se orientó a estudios sobre educación para la salud, investigaciones sobre infantes, y la conducta sexual. Se encontró un alto índice de producción nacional, principalmente de universidades locales; además de la influencia en la región de instituciones académicas de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y el Reino Unido. Se presentan comparaciones con los resultados obtenidos de otras regiones geográficas y se describen algunas líneas de investigación necesarias para continuar este tipo de análisis

Stellar multiplicity and stellar rotation::Insights from APOGEE

We measure rotational broadening in spectra taken by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey to characterise the relationship between stellar multiplicity and rotation. We create a sample of 2786 giants and 24 496 dwarfs with stellar parameters and multiple radial velocities from the APOGEE pipeline, projected rotation speeds \vsini\ determined from our own pipeline, and distances, masses, and ages measured by Sanders \& Das. We use the statistical distribution of the maximum shift in the radial velocities, \drvm, as a proxy for the close binary fraction to explore the interplay between stellar evolution, rotation, and multiplicity. Assuming that the minimum orbital period allowed is the critical period for Roche Lobe overflow and rotational synchronization, we calculate theoretical upper limits on expected \vsini\ and \drvm\ values. These expectations agree with the positive correlation between the maximum \drvm\ and \vsini\ values observed in our sample as a function of \logg. We find that the fast rotators in our sample have a high occurrence of short-period ($\log(P/\text{d})\lesssim 4$) companions. We also find that old, rapidly-rotating main sequence stars have larger completeness-corrected close binary fractions than their younger peers. Furthermore, rapidly-rotating stars with large \drvm\ consistently show differences of 1-10 Gyr between the predicted gyrochronological and measured isochronal ages. These results point towards a link between rapid rotation and close binarity through tidal interactions. We conclude that stellar rotation is strongly correlated with stellar multiplicity in the field, and caution should be taken in the application of gyrochronology relations to cool stars.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures; accepted by MNRA

A global review of problematic and pathogenic parasites of farmed tilapia

Over the past 80 years, tilapia have been translocated globally for aquaculture; active production is recorded in >124 countries. Of 7 million tonnes of tilapia produced in aquaculture, 79% is from 79 countries outside the natural range of tilapia. Capture fisheries account for a further 723,627 tonnes of tilapia, and >47% of this is landed from established invasive populations outside Africa. Tilapias host a rich fauna of parasites, many of which have been translocated with their hosts. This review summarises >2500 host–parasite records from 73+ countries and >820 recorded tilapia translocations (provided in the supplementary materials). This work focuses on the notable pathogens that threaten the health of cultured populations of tilapia, providing a description of their pathology and includes species that also have substantial impacts on wild tilapia populations, where relevant. For each major parasite taxonomic group, we highlight which parasites have been translocated or have been acquired from the new environments into which tilapia have been introduced, together with remarks on standard treatment approaches and research on them and their management and control. Regarding the theme ‘Tilapia health: quo vadis?’, Africa has enormous potential for aquaculture growth, but substantial knowledge gaps about tilapia parasites in many African states remain, which creates associated production and biosecurity risks. For each parasitic group, therefore, the risks of parasite translocation to new regions as tilapia aquaculture industries expand are highlighted

Early rise in central venous pressure during a spontaneous breathing trial: A promising test to identify patients at high risk of weaning failure?

Background The spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) assesses the risk of weaning failure by evaluating some physiological responses to the massive venous return increase imposed by discontinuing positive pressure ventilation. This trial can be very demanding for some critically ill patients, inducing excessive physical and cardiovascular stress, including muscle fatigue, heart ischemia and eventually cardiac dysfunction. Extubation failure with emergency reintubation is a serious adverse consequence of a failed weaning process. Some data suggest that as many as 50% of patients that fail weaning do so because of cardiac dysfunction. Unfortunately, monitoring cardiovascular function at the time of the SBT is complex. The aim of our study was to explore if central venous pressure (CVP) changes were related to weaning failure after starting an SBT. We hypothesized that an early rise on CVP could signal a cardiac failure when handling a massive increase on venous return following a discontinuation of positive pressure ventilation. This CVP rise could identify a subset of patients at high risk for extubation failure. Methods Two-hundred and four mechanically ventilated patients in whom an SBT wa

Stochastic upscaling of hydrodynamic dispersion and retardation factor in a physically and chemically heterogeneous tropical soil

[EN] Stochastic upscaling of flow and reactive solute transport in a tropical soil is performed using real data collected in the laboratory. Upscaling of hydraulic conductivity, longitudinal hydrodynamic dispersion, and retardation factor were done using three different approaches of varying complexity. How uncertainty propagates after upscaling was also studied. The results show that upscaling must be taken into account if a good reproduction of the flow and transport behavior of a given soil is to be attained when modeled at larger than laboratory scales. The results also show that arrival time uncertainty was well reproduced after solute transport upscaling. This work represents a first demonstration of flow and reactive transport upscaling in a soil based on laboratory data. It also shows how simple upscaling methods can be incorporated into daily modeling practice using commercial flow and transport codes.The authors thank the financial support by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Project 401441/2014-8). The doctoral fellowship award to the first author by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES) is acknowledged. The first author also thanks the international mobility grant awarded by CNPq, through the Sciences Without Borders program (Grant Number: 200597/2015-9). The international mobility grant awarded by Santander Mobility in cooperation with the University of Sao Paulo is also acknowledged. DHI-WASI is gratefully thanked for providing a FEFLOW license.Almeida De-Godoy, V.; Zuquette, L.; Gómez-Hernández, JJ. (2019). Stochastic upscaling of hydrodynamic dispersion and retardation factor in a physically and chemically heterogeneous tropical soil. 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