A Stochastic Model for Managing Tasks of R&D Projects

In this paper, we propose a model for managing tasks of R&D projects. We assume that di®erent amounts of resources may be allocated to a task, leading to different costs, and di®erent average execution speeds. The advancement of the task will be stochastic, and the manager may change the allocated amount of resources according to the way the task is progressing. The revenues will depend on the time to the completion of the task, and their expected value will follow a stochastic process. We consider that a strategy for completing the task will consist on a set of rules that de¯ne the level of resources to be chosen at each moment, according to the values of several state variables. We discuss the evaluation for completing the task, and we brie°y address the problem of finding the optimal strateg

A tool to manage tasks of R&D projects

We propose a tool for managing tasks of Research and Development (R&D) projects. We define an R&D project as a network of tasks and we assume that different amounts of resources may be allocated to a task, leading to different costs and different average execution times. The advancement of a task is stochastic, and the management may reallocate resources while the task is being performed,according to its progress. The operational cash flows depend on the task completion time, and their expected values follow a stochastic process. We consider that a strategy for completing a task is a set of rules that define the level of resources to be allocated to the task at each moment. We discuss the evaluation of strategies for completing a task, and we address the problem of finding the optimal strateg

Espirais e Hélices - Do Polímero mais abundante da natureza

A celulose é o polímero renovável mais abundante do mundo. É o principal constituinte das paredes celulares das plantas, as quais constituem a sua principal fonte

Some issues about the application of the analytic hierarchy process to R&D project selection

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used in the process of selecting research and development (R&D) projects. Such a selection process usually possesses some particular features that require adjustments in the application of the AHP method, such as the existence of a large number of very different alternatives or the integration of qualitative and quantitative criteria. In this paper, we discuss the application of AHP to the selection of a portfolio of R&D projects, and we propose some methods for handling the issues that arise from such an applicatio

An Overview

This work was financed by national funds from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the projects LA/P/0037/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication—i3N. European Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) Action European Topology Interdisciplinary Action (PhoBioS CA21159). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Catastrophic oil spill accidents, oily industrial wastewater, and other types of uncontrolled release of oils into the environment are major global issues since they threaten marine ecosystems and lead to a big economic impact. It can also affect the public health of communities near the polluted area. This review addresses the different types of oil collecting methods. The focus of this work will be on the different approaches to materials and technologies for oil/water separation, with a special focus on water/oil emulsion separation. Emulsified oil/water mixtures are extremely stable dispersions being, therefore, more difficult to separate as the size of the droplets in the emulsion decreases. Oil-absorbent materials, such as sponges, foams, nanoparticles, and aerogels, can be adjusted to have both hydrophobic and oleophilic wettability while displaying a porous structure. This can be advantageous for targeting oil spills in large-scale environmental and catastrophic sets since these materials can easily absorb oil. Oil adsorbent materials, for example, meshes, textiles, membranes, and clays, involve the capture of the oily material to the surface of the adsorbent material, additionally attracting more attention than other technologies by being low-cost and easy to manufacture.publishersversionpublishe

La pluralité du moi dans quelques textes médiévaux

UID/ELT/00657/2013The texts and the characters hear referred to, show us characters who have a double identity when it comes to persons with an important role in history : empire makers, heroes, saints, for example. They have a double nature, human and divine, as Aeneas or Heracles, or even the saints created by a direct intervention of God. Others have a nature only human but which is formed by several actors, as Utherpendragon, King Arthur’s father. These facts are interpreted as being a way of referring to the complexity of the ego with the conceptual utensils of the epoch. Dans les textes et les personnalités ici mentionnées, nous rencontrons des personnages multiples (qui réunissent plusieurs identités) quand il s’agit de personnages qui ont eu un grand rôle dans l’histoire (réelle ou supposée) : créateurs d’empires, héros, saints, par exemple. Ils ont une nature double humaine et divine, comme Énée ou Héraclès, ou même les saints pour la naissance desquels Dieu a intervenu directement, ou une nature simplement humaine mais qui réunit plusieurs actants, comme Utherpendragon, le père du roi Arthur. Cela est interprété comme étant une forme de parler de la complexité du moi avec des outils conceptuels de l’époque.publishersversionpublishe