53 research outputs found
Ălevage porcin et santĂ© publique : risque, controverse et violence non intentionnelle
Au QuĂ©bec comme ailleurs, lâĂ©levage porcin, considĂ©rĂ© comme risquĂ© par plusieurs, suscite questionnements et controverse. Des incertitudes scientifiques demeurent quant Ă ses effets sur la santĂ©. DâoĂč notre intention dâaborder, dans cet article, la question de lâinfluence de lâĂ©levage porcin sur la santĂ© psychologique et sociale. Une recension systĂ©matique a permis dâĂ©valuer la pertinence et la qualitĂ© de la documentation scientifique Ă ce sujet. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une association entre des effets sur la qualitĂ© de vie et ce type de production animale. En effet, la ferme porcine augmenterait la controverse et les clivages sociaux, et elle affecterait le sentiment dâappartenance Ă la communautĂ© et au milieu. Elle constitue Ă ce titre un risque Ă la santĂ©. Peut-on en lâoccurrence parler de violence et, si oui, comment pourrait-on la prĂ©venir ?As is the case in other provinces, swine production in Quebec, considered by many to be fraught with risk, raise questions and spark controversy. The scientific community is still uncertain about its repercussions, especially its effects on public health. Our purpose in this article is therefore to examine the psychological and social impact of swine production. A systematic survey was carried out to assess the quality and appropriateness of scientific literature on the subject. Aggregated results show that there is a link between living standards and this type of animal production. The issue of pig farms apparently stokes controversy and social division, while exerting a negative influence on the individualâs sense of belonging to a community and a specific social background. Pig farms therefore constitute a threat to human well-being and as such, they constitute a form of violence. The question is how to prevent it
Seasonal variations in work-related health effects in swine farm workers
The aim of the project was to investigate whether there were diminished health
effects in swine farm workers during summer compared with winter, as seasonal differences
in concentrations of bioaerosols have been reported. Twenty-four workers were
visited once during each season. Before and after a work shift, they underwent lung function
testing and blood sampling. During work, they wore personal air sampling equipment.
The mean endotoxin exposure of the workers was highest during winter (25,690
vs. 6,553 EU/m3; p = 0.004). Although exposures to endotoxin and CO2 varied between
the seasons, no differences in lung function were found between them. White blood cell
concentration increased over the work shift from 5.74â6.82 in winter (p < 0.0001) and
from 5.80â6.38 in summer (p = 0.014). These increases differed between the two seasons
(p = 0.032). Plasma tumour necrosis factor concentrations fell over the work shift only
during winter (1.34â1.24 pg/ml (p = 0.03) (p = 0.014 for the difference between seasons).
Plasma interleukin-6 increased over the work shift independently of season (p = 0.0006).
The study supported our hypothesis of adverse effects on lung function and immune system,
but less so during summer than during winter among Québec swine farm workers
Relations entre les expĂ©riences de violence vĂ©cues dans la famille dâorigine et la relation conjugale Ă lâĂąge adulte
Affiche prĂ©sentĂ©e au 27e congrĂšs annuel de la SQRPLa prĂ©sente Ă©tude Ă©value les relations entre divers types de trauma violents vĂ©cus en bas Ăąge et lâajustement conjugal Ă lâĂąge adulte, Ă lâaide dâun modĂšle thĂ©orique intĂ©grateur des conduites dâattachement (anxiĂ©tĂ© abandonnique et Ă©vitement de lâintimitĂ©) et de la dĂ©tresse psychologique. Lâobjectif est de comparer les rĂ©sultats observĂ©s chez les hommes et les femmes. Quatre types de traumas subis durant lâenfance sont retenus : violence physique, violence psychologique, tĂ©moin de violence physique et tĂ©moin de violence psychologique. Six cent trente-deux hommes et femmes, qui forment un Ă©chantillon reprĂ©sentatif des couples quĂ©bĂ©cois, ont complĂ©tĂ© des mesures de trauma subis en enfance, dâattachement, de dĂ©tresse psychologique et dâajustement dyadique. Des analyses dâĂ©quations structurales indiquent que les liens significatifs Ă lâintĂ©rieur du modĂšle varient en fonction du type de trauma subi en enfance et du genre de la victime. Dâune part, la violence physique ainsi que la violence psychologique vĂ©cue en enfance sont liĂ©es indirectement Ă lâajustement conjugal via la dĂ©tresse psychologique pour lâhomme uniquement. Dâautre part, ĂȘtre tĂ©moin de violence physique durant lâenfance influence indirectement lâajustement conjugal via lâattachement (anxiĂ©tĂ© abandonnique) pour les femmes uniquement. Aucun lien nâest observĂ© entre le fait dâĂȘtre tĂ©moin de violence psychologique entre les parents et les variables envisagĂ©es Ă lâĂąge adulte.Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les ProblĂšmes Conjugaux et les Agressions Sexuelles CRIPCAS (bourse accordĂ©e Ă Natacha Godbout); Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada CRSH (subsides accordĂ©s Ă Yvan Lussier); Fonds quĂ©bĂ©cois pour la recherche sur la sociĂ©tĂ© et culture FQRSC (bourse accordĂ©e Ă Natacha Godbout)
Limits of heralded single-photon sources based on parametric photon-pair generation
ABSTRACT: We derive calculations on the statistics of a heralded single-photon source based on parametric photon-pair generation. These calculations highlight fundamental and practical limits for these sources and show which physical parameters can be optimized to improve the quality of a real source
Cuisine et schizophrĂ©nie : activitĂ© carrefour dâune Ă©valuation Ă©cologique, ergothĂ©rapique et neuropsychologique
Dans cette Ă©tude exploratoire, les auteurs examinent les diffĂ©rentes Ă©valuations ergothĂ©rapiques et neuropsychologiques utilisĂ©es pour analyser qualitativement et quantitativement les dĂ©ficits rencontrĂ©s par les patients schizophrĂšnes. Les auteurs estiment quâil est nĂ©cessaire dâexplorer davantage leurs rĂ©percussions dans la rĂ©alisation des activitĂ©s de la vie quotidienne (AVQ) et domestique (AVD) et ainsi, ont voulu vĂ©rifier si la distinction entre deux niveaux dâautonomie fonctionnelle pouvait se traduire en diffĂ©rences au plan cognitif et clinique chez (25) 23 patients inclus dans un programme pour jeunes adultes (schizophrenia spectrum DSM-IV criteria) Ă MontrĂ©al. Ces patients avaient lâopportunitĂ©, au sein du programme clinique, de se soumettre Ă des Ă©valuations dâordre neuropsychologique ainsi quâĂ des Ă©valuations offertes par le service dâergothĂ©rapie grĂące Ă un outil trĂšs frĂ©quemment utilisĂ© par les ergothĂ©rapeutes intitulĂ© Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Lâobjectif de cet article est de conjuguer deux regards possibles, issus de deux disciplines diffĂ©rentes, sur une activitĂ© trĂšs courante pour les ĂȘtres humains, Ă savoir « faire la cuisine », chez des personnes souffrant de schizophrĂ©nie, dont le fonctionnement dans la vie quotidienne est perturbĂ©.In this exploratory study, the authors examine the various occupational and neuropsychological assessments used to analyze deficits qualitatively and quantitatively in patients with schizophrenia. Considering that it is necessary to further explore their repercussion on the performance of activity of daily living (ADL) and domestic activities (DA), they thus attempt to verify if the distinction between two levels of functional autonomy could translate at the cognitive and clinical levels in (25) 23 patients included in a program destined to young adults (schizophrenia spectrum DSM-IV criteria) in MontrĂ©al. These patients had the opportunity, within the clinical program, to submit to neuropsychological evaluations as well as evaluations offered by the occupational therapy service thanks to a tool frequently used by occupational therapists entitled Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). The objective of this article is to conjugate two possible perspectives, drawn from two different disciplines, on a very current human activity such as « preparing meals » in people suffering from schizophrenia and which functioning of daily life is disturbed.En este estudio exploratorio, los autores examinan las diferentes evaluaciones ergoterapĂ©uticas y neuropsicolĂłgicas utilizadas para analizar cualitativa y cuantitativamente los dĂ©ficits encontrados por los pacientes esquizofrĂ©nicos. Los autores estiman que es necesario explorar mĂĄs las repercusiones en la realizaciĂłn de las actividades de la vida cotidiana (AVQ) y domĂ©stica (AVD). De este modo, han querido verificar si la distinciĂłn entre dos niveles de autonomĂa funcional puede traducirse en diferencias en el plano cognitivo y clĂnico en (25) 23 pacientes incluidos en un programa para jĂłvenes adultos (criterios de esquizofrenia espectro DSM-IV) en Montreal. En el seno del programa clĂnico, estos pacientes tenĂan la oportunidad de someterse a evaluaciones de orden neuropsicolĂłgico (Godbout et al., 2006; Semkovska et al., 2004) asĂ como a las evaluaciones ofrecidas por el servicio de ergoterapia, gracias a una herramienta utilizada muy frecuentemente por los ergoterapeutas, intitulada Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) (Fisher, 1999; Pan et Fisher, 1994). El objetivo de este artĂculo es conjugar dos visiones posibles, provenientes de dos disciplinas diferentes, en una actividad comĂșn y corriente para los seres humanos, como âcocinarâ, en las personas que sufren de esquizofrenia y cuyo funcionamiento en la vida cotidiana estĂĄ perturbado.Neste estudo exploratĂłrio, os autores examinam as diferentes avaliaçÔes ergoterĂĄpicas e neuropsicolĂłgicas utilizadas para analisar qualitativa e quantitativamente os dĂ©ficits encontrados nos pacientes esquizofrĂȘnicos. Os autores acreditam que Ă© necessĂĄrio explorar mais suas repercussĂ”es na realização de atividades da vida cotidiana (AVQ) e domĂ©stica (AVD), e, assim, quiseram verificar se a distinção entre dois nĂveis de autonomia funcional poderia se traduzir em diferenças no plano cognitivo e clĂnico em (25) 23 pacientes inscritos em um programa para jovens adultos (schizophrenia spectrum DSM-IV criteria) em Montreal. Estes pacientes tiveram a oportunidade, dentro do programa clĂnico, de se submeter a avaliaçÔes de ordem neuropsicolĂłgica (Godbout et al., 2006; Semkovska et al., 2004), assim como a avaliaçÔes oferecidas pelo serviço de ergoterapia, graças a uma ferramenta freqĂŒentemente utilizada pelos ergoterapeutas chamada de Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) (Fisher, 1999; Pan et Fisher, 1994). O objetivo deste artigo Ă© conjugar duas visĂ”es possĂveis, vindas de duas disciplinas diferentes, em pessoas que sofrem de esquizofrenia, cujo funcionamento na vida cotidiana Ă© perturbado, sobre uma atividade muito comum para os seres humanos, ou seja, âcozinharâ
Des scandales Ă la vertu : gouvernance interne et reddition de comptes des OBNL Ă Laval
Le scandale de la corruption dans lâoctroi de contrats publics qui a menĂ© Ă lâarrestation de lâex-maire Gilles Vaillancourt en 2013 a conduit la Ville de Laval Ă rĂ©former en profondeur ses mĂ©canismes de gouvernance. Pourquoi et comment sâest effectuĂ© ce virage? Cette table ronde vise Ă prĂ©senter les multiples facettes de la mise en oeuvre des bonnes pratiques en matiĂšre de gouvernance selon deux volets, soit la gouvernance des instances consultatives internes et la reddition de comptes des organismes Ă but non lucratif (OBNL) recevant un appui financier direct ou indirect de la Ville
Psychological intimate partner violence and childhood cumulative trauma: the mediating role of affect dysregulation, maladaptive personality traits, and negative urgency
The current study examined the mediating role of affect dysregulation, maladaptive personality traits, and negative urgency in the association between childhood cumulative trauma (CCT) and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV). A total of 241 men and women from the general population answered self-report questionnaires assessing these variables. Results indicated that 70% of participants reported at least two different types of childhood trauma, while, over the past year, 80% indicated having perpetrated or experienced psychological IPV. Path analyses of a sequential mediation model confirmed that the CCTâIPV association is explained by affect dysregulation, maladaptive personality traits, and negative urgency. These findings support the need to assess affect regulation and personality traits in CCT survivors. Psychosocial interventions should aim to increase self-soothing skills and decrease negative urgency to prevent psychological IPV
A microstructured fiber source of photon pairs at widely separated wavelengths
We demonstrate a source of photon pairs with widely separated wavelengths,
810 nm and 1548 nm, generated through spontaneous four-wave mixing in a
microstructured fiber. The second-order auto-correlation function g^{(2)}(0)
was measured to confirm the non-classical nature of a heralded single photon
source constructed from the fiber. The microstructured fiber presented herein
has the interesting property of generating photon pairs with wavelengths
suitable for a quantum repeater able to link free-space channels with fiber
channels, as well as for a high quality telecommunication wavelength heralded
single photon source. It also has the advantage of straightforward coupling
into optical fiber. These reasons make this photon pair source particularly
interesting for long distance quantum communication.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures. Published versio
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