Photoinduced dynamics during electronic transfer from narrow to wide bandgap layers in one-dimensional heterostructured materials

Electron transfer is a fundamental energy conversion process widely present in synthetic, industrial, and natural systems. Understanding the electron transfer process is important to exploit the uniqueness of the low-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures because interlayer electron transfer produces the function of this class of material. Here, we show the occurrence of an electron transfer process in one-dimensional layer-stacking of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). This observation makes use of femtosecond broadband optical spectroscopy, ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction, and first-principles theoretical calculations. These results reveal that near-ultraviolet photoexcitation induces an electron transfer from the conduction bands of CNT to BNNT layers via electronic decay channels. This physical process subsequently generates radial phonons in the one-dimensional vdW heterostructure material. The gathered insights unveil the fundamentals physics of interfacial interactions in low dimensional vdW heterostructures and their photoinduced dynamics, pushing their limits for photoactive multifunctional applications

Global study of holistic morphological effectors in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Background The size of the phenotypic effect of a gene has been thoroughly investigated in terms of fitness and specific morphological traits in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but little is known about gross morphological abnormalities. Results We identified 1126 holistic morphological effectors that cause severe gross morphological abnormality when deleted, and 2241 specific morphological effectors with weak holistic effects but distinctive effects on yeast morphology. Holistic effectors fell into many gene function categories and acted as network hubs, affecting a large number of morphological traits, interacting with a large number of genes, and facilitating high protein expression. Holistic morphological abnormality was useful for estimating the importance of a gene to morphology. The contribution of gene importance to fitness and morphology could be used to efficiently classify genes into functional groups. Conclusion Holistic morphological abnormality can be used as a reproducible and reliable gene feature for high-dimensional morphological phenotyping. It can be used in many functional genomic applications

IBLI Index in North Horr based on data up to 9-24 May 2011

Figure S5. Relationships with gene features. (A) Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between holistic morphological abnormality and each gene feature. (B) Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between fitness defect and each gene feature. (C) Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between specific morphological abnormality and each gene feature. (D) Partial correlation coefficients between holistic morphological abnormality and each gene feature that controls fitness. Details of the gene features were previously described [26]. ** and * indicate p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively, when testing for no correlation. Error bars indicate 95% confidential intervals. (PDF 8 kb

Additional file 12: of Global study of holistic morphological effectors in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Table S3. List of low-abundance and sporulation-specific genes used in this study. (XLS 32 kb

Additional file 11: of Global study of holistic morphological effectors in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figure S9. Fractions of genes with unknown function. Each bar indicates the fraction of genes with unknown functions identified by direct annotation to GO:0008150 (biological process) in each gene group (I–VI). (PDF 112 kb

Additional file 4: of Global study of holistic morphological effectors in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Table S2. Holistic morphological abnormalities and genotypes of 19 non-essential gene mutants during validation analysis. (XLS 35 kb

Additional file 5: of Global study of holistic morphological effectors in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figure S3. Distribution of non-essential deletion mutants with fitness defects. Dark gray and light gray boxes indicate mutants of non-essential genes with significantly slower growth and normal growth, respectively (left axis). Vertical solid red line indicates FDR = 0.01. Blue curved line indicates normal distribution fitted to the wild type (right axis). (PDF 117 kb