Informimi në epokën e mediave sociale: Rasti i Gazetës “Panorama”

Lajmi në media gjithmonë e më tepër po gjen mbështetje për të mbijetuar te rrjetet sociale, si e vetmja formë për të ruajtur kontaktin me audiencën. Të gjitha shifrat na tregojnë, se trafikun kryesor sot për mediat tradicionale, e prodhojnë mediat sociale, jo më klikimi direkt në faqen e mediave dhe jo më nëpërmjet motorëve të kërkimit. Të gjitha raportet flasin për një transformim të sjelljes së audiencës, duke copëtuar vëmendjen në pafund burime informacioni dhe duke shpërndarë kohën e informimit. Po në ekosistemin e mediave shqiptare, çfarë ndodh? Çfarë ndodh sot me audiencat online dhe offline të një mediumi që ka prani në print dhe online? Sa të ardhura nxjerrin ato nga të reklama digjitale? Sa dhe si është transformuar të bërit lajm, duke krahasuar dy realitetet? Si e ka ndryshuar të bërit lajm ekosistemi i rrjeteve sociale me modalitetet e prodhimit të trafikut, shpërndarjes dhe viralitetit? Mos mediat në hapësirat online janë duke aplikuar logjikën e clickbait-it, janë konvertuar në brand që marketojnë, shesin informacion-sensacion, njëlloj si kompanitë që marketojnë, duke injoruar tërësisht kualitetin e lajmit, thellimin dhe mbi të gjitha angazhimin e qëndrueshëm të audiencës, në një marrëdhënie besueshmërie, për t`i shpëtuar fenomenit të “posttruth” journalism

An experience of children with disabilities in mainstream schools, their acceptance and socialisation towards discrimination

Albania ratified the UN CRC in '92 and also signed the UN Convention on theRights of Persons with Disability. During the last three years, the Albanian Government has been undergoing an entire legislative framework revision, as a step towards ratification of this convention, which was actually ratified in November 2012. Both conventions constitute the right of children with disabilities (CWD) to receive education in main stream education settings with their peers without disability. Schools and their communities have carried resistance and very often segregate beliefs and attitudes towards this specific right.Expressions like "these children cannot be educated", "there are special schools for thesechildren so they can go there", "their presence in the class is not safe for other children"etc. not only exhibit the general mentality in education system, but also try to justify that the segregation is not wrong.International research shows that institutionalization of persons with disability (inthe case of children, segregation in special schools) produces serious damages in theirsocial functions; they lose the sense of identity, deteriorate their social skills and diminish most of their social roles. The institutionalization discourages and disables them tomanage their own life. To avoid this phenomenon the presence of persons with disabilityin mainstream social and educational life, the same as the others, becomes a must.This paper brings an experience of inclusion in education of children withdisabilities and effects it has produced in socialisation of CWD with their peers and viceversa. The paper presents the results of a longitudinal study, conducted to understand anddraw conclusions on effects of the socialization between the two groups of children, those without disability and CWD

Matja e Audiencës në Shqipëri – Përpjekje për institucionalizimin e proçesit

Operatorët mediatikë shtohen, konkurrenca për hapësira në media rritet, nevoja për përmirësimin e komunikimit të planifikuar është gjithmonë e më madhe : për paradoks, matja e saktë e audiencës, si i vetmi kriter për të rregulluar këtë treg, nuk përqafohet nga mediet. : Matja e Audiencës është kthyer në realitet “niche”, në rrethe tepër të ngushta specialistesh, të apasionuar pas komunikimit, teknologjisë, dhe një tregu krejt specifik, që karakteristikë themelore ka inovacionin. Në këtë artikull do të përpiqemi të shpjegojmë, se pse mediet, dhe jo vetëm, nuk e përqafojnë këtë risi, se cilat janë dinamikat që e shtyjnë tregun e reklamës drejt informalitetit, me pasoja më së pari në llojin dhe cilësinë e programacionit, një çështje me impakt të gjerë dhe jo vetëm për tregun e reklamës. Cilat janë arsyet e vërteta, dhe cilat janë ato ekuilibra që prishen, nëse matja e audiencës përshtatet si kriter për të rregulluar tregun e reklamës? Problemet janë sistemike,dhe përgjigjet për rrjedhojë duhet të jenë të tilla

The audience measurement in Albania – Efforts to institutionalize the process

The media market is overloaded; the new operators sign their name as competitors for advertising space, and the need to improve the quality for the media communication campaign is growing; but, paradoxically the media operators have left the audience measurement – the only criteria who can regulate this market – out of attention. Only well- educated persons, with an affinity for technology, which are very keen to the development of this specific market, are trying to make sense and just not to leave it as a niche reality. In this article we will try to explain why the media operators are not embracing this new reality, boosting informality in the sector, with bad consequences for the quality of the media programming schedule offer. What are the real reasons, and the balances broken out from the implementing of the new rules in the market? The problems seem to be systemic, and in this way they should be sorted out

Information in the era of social media: The case of the newspaper ''Panorama''

News is becoming more and more dependent on social media traffic, as the only way to be in touch with the audience. All figures show that social media are a key factor in generating clicks for the traditional outlets, crushing the role of direct clicking and search engine mediation. Audience behaviour is changing radically drawn in a fragmented media ecosystem with infinite sources for having news, splitting time dedicated to each news. Is this process going endlessly to a fragmented milieu with the risk of killing the news consuming process, or the media are going to find patterns that in the near future will involve the audience with longer news format and more engagement? Are the media relentlessly degrading in the logic of “clickbait”, converting the information as a common good to sell, ignoring totally the quality of the news, and killing the relation with the consumers? How is the Albanian media landscape reacting, during the digital transition for implementing renewed business models needed to survive in the new reality? Are they doing enough to integrate print media, with online publishing, creating a fusion between staff, human and economic resources, building perspectives for their businesses? In this article we will try to find some useful responses to our questions

Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Asthma

Asthma is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and there are data that asthma prevalence has been increased in last 20 years, especially in children. The Aim of study is to analyze the risk factors that can contribute to asthma prevalence. Method. In the study there were children included, that have been admitted to hospital and after that were followed in regular basis or patients that were referred from other centers. All children with persistent asthma who were followed at least 3 months were included in the study. The collection of data was performed through an interview with parent or caregiver. Results. In our study, we had 158 children with persistent asthma and 51 children with intermittent asthma(control).The mean age is 6.63.The results show that children that have the allergy can develop asthma(p .000), allergy in the family is an important predictor of asthma (p .012) and parents with allergy (p.000),mother education is an important risk factor (p .000) in persistent asthma but not fathers education (p. 604). Birth weight under 2500gr and above 2500gr was not a significant risk factor for asthma in our study exclusively breastfeeding in the first 4 months of age is not associated with persistent asthma (p. 792). Siblings in the family did not show any significance as a risk factor for asthma (p. 433). Pets in the house did not show any significance in asthma (p. 209) in our study too. Conclusion Allergy in a child or in close family presents a high risk for asthma but also maternal education presents a risk factor for asthma prevalence in children.Keywords: child asthma, allergy, maternal education

International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci.

The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified. In a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls we conduct a genome-wide association study of PTSD. We demonstrate SNP-based heritability estimates of 5-20%, varying by sex. Three genome-wide significant loci are identified, 2 in European and 1 in African-ancestry analyses. Analyses stratified by sex implicate 3 additional loci in men. Along with other novel genes and non-coding RNAs, a Parkinson's disease gene involved in dopamine regulation, PARK2, is associated with PTSD. Finally, we demonstrate that polygenic risk for PTSD is significantly predictive of re-experiencing symptoms in the Million Veteran Program dataset, although specific loci did not replicate. These results demonstrate the role of genetic variation in the biology of risk for PTSD and highlight the necessity of conducting sex-stratified analyses and expanding GWAS beyond European ancestry populations

ASSOCIATION OF NEUROPEPTIDE S RECEPTOR 1 AND GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 1 GENE POLYMORPHISMS WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder caused by highly traumatic experiences. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) and the glutamate decarboxylase 1(GAD1) gene on PTSD and its psychopathological aspects among individuals affected by the Balkan wars during the 90s. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted as part of the South Eastern Europe (SEE) study on molecular mechanisms of PTSD. It comprised 719 participants (539 males), including those with current PTSD, remitted PTSD and healthy volunteers. Psychometric evaluation was performed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), the Clinician Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS) andthe Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). We examined NPSR1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs324981 and GAD1 variant rs3749034 genotypes. Case-control analyses were carried out using logistical regression to determine genotype differences between all patients that had either current or remitted PTSD and control individuals. To analyse the influence of the analysed SNPs on PTSD severity, we performed linear regression analyses with CAPS and BSI within each of the two patient groups separately. All of the calculations were performed for additive allelic, recessive, dominant and genotypic models. Results: We observed a nominally significant association for the major allele (G) of GAD1 rs3749034 with an increased risk to develop PTSD in a case control analysis in the recessive model (P=0.0315, odds ratio=0.47, SE=0.35). In contrast, a nominally significant association of the minor allele (A) with higher CAPS scores was identified within the patient group with lifetime PTSD in the dominant model (P=0.0372, ????=6.29, SE=2.99). None of these results did withstand correction for multiple tests. No nominal significant results of GAD1 rs3749034 were found with regard to the intensity of psychological BSI symptoms. Case control analyses of NPSR1 rs324981 revealed a nominally significant higher risk for homozygous T allele carriers to develop PTSD (P=0.0452) in the recessive model. On the other hand, the T allele showed a nominally significant association with higher BSI scores in patients suffering from lifetime PTSD in the recessive model (P=0.0434). Again, these results were not significant anymore after correction for multiple tests. No associations of NPSR1 rs324981 and CAPS score was identified. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide some evidence that the NPSR1 and GAD1 polymorphisms might play a role in the development of war-related PTSD and its related psychological expressions. Further research is needed to elucidate the interactions of specific gene variants and environmental factors in the development of PTSD

ASSOCIATIONS OF GENE VARIATIONS IN NEUROPEPTIDE Y AND BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENES WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Background: Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events are at an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition during which an individual\u27s ability to function is impaired by emotional responses to memories of those events. The gene coding for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the gene coding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are among the number of candidate gene variants that have been identified as potential contributors to PTSD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NPY and BDNF and PTSD in individuals who experienced war-related trauma in the South Eastern Europe (SEE) conflicts (1991-1999). Subjects and methods: This study included participants with current and remitted PTSD and healthy volunteers (N=719, 232 females, 487 males), who were recruited between 2013 and 2015 within the framework of the South Eastern Europe (SEE) - PTSD Study. Psychometric methods comprised the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). DNA was isolated from whole blood and genotyped for NPY rs5574 via PCR - RFLP and NPY rs16147 and BDNF rs6265 using the KASP assay. Results: Tests for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed no significant results. Analyses at the categorical level yielded no associations between the affected individuals and all three SNPs when compared to controls. Within lifetime PTSD patients, the major alleles of both NPY variants showed a nominally significant association with higher CAPS scores (p=0.007 and p=0.02, respectively). Also, the major allele of rs5574C>T was associated with higher BSI scores with a nominal significance among current PTSD patients (p=0.047). The results did not withstand a Bonferroni adjustment (????=0.002). Conclusion: Nominally significant associations between NPY polymorphisms and PTSD susceptibility were found that did not withstand Bonferroni correction

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN POLYMORPHISMS IN THE SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 6 MEMBER 3 AND THE MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN GENE AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Background: Previous research showed inconsistent results concerning a possible association between solute carrier family 6 member 3 (SLC6A3) gene polymorphisms and dopamine symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several studies also indicate that the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene is of importance in the etiology of several psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of distinct SLC6A3 and MBP gene polymorphisms with PTSD and whether SLC6A3 and MBP genotypes contribute to PTSD symptom severity. Subjects and methods: The study included 719 individuals who had experienced war trauma in the South Eastern Europe (SEE). Genotypes of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism within the SLC6A3 gene were assessed in 696 participants, and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12458282 located within the MBP gene region was genotyped in a total of 703 subjects. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Clinical Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), were used for data collection. Results: No significant differences concerning the investigated SLC6A3 and MBP polymorphisms was identifiable between PTSD and non PTSD participants. Also we could not detect significant influence of these distinct SLC6A3 and MBP alleles on the severity of PTSD symptoms (CAPS) or BSI scores. However, the results of MBP rs12458282 within the patients with lifetime PTSD may point to a possible correlation of the major allele (T) with elevated CAPS scores. Conclusions: Our results do not support an association of the analysed SLC6A3 and MBP gene polymorphisms with PTSD in war traumatized individuals. We found that there is a possibility for a correlation of the T allele rs12458282 within the MBP gene with higher CAPS scores in lifetime PTSD patients which would need to be tested in a sample providing more statistical power