Production of Table Potatoes in Europe - A Multinational Gross Margin Analysis

This paper examines different cropping practices, cost structures and gross margins for conventional table potato cropping in 6 different regions within the European Union: Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Slovakia. Findings from this study show that potato cropping practices varies significantly between the various countries with major differences in yield and costs. Italy and Denmark are the two regions with highest gross margins due to high yields and revenues. Poland is by far the largest potato producing country among the 6 countries. However, the production is primarily based on small scale farming with low yields and economic revenues.Table potatoes, gross margins, cropping practices, cost structure, Crop Production/Industries,

Method for Measuring Architectural Test Coverage for Design Verification

A technique that applies the task coverage exercised within a behavioral model of the design to the design itself, while simulating one or more test sequences. Since the behavior model is an accurate and complete program representation of the architectural specification of the hardware design, the test case coverage of the architecture is implied by the measurement of how well the behavioral model code has been exercised. The completeness of the coverage is determined by the test coverage criteria selected, including, for example, statement coverage, branch coverage, or path coverage. The more detailed the criteria, the greater the number of tests

Postpartum Depression in COVID-19 Days: Longitudinal Study of Risk and Protective Factors

COVID-19 impacted the childbirth experience and increased the rates of postpartum depression (PPD). We assessed the longitudinal effects of the pandemic on the rates of PPD and evaluated the PPD causes and symptoms among women who delivered during the first COVID-19 quarantine in Israel. The participants completed online questionnaires 3 (T1) and 6 months (T2) following delivery. We used the ‘COVID-19 exposure’ questionnaire, while PPD symptoms, situational anxiety, and social support were evaluated with the EPDS, STAI, and MSPSS questionnaires. The mean EPDS scores increased between T1 and T2 (6.31 ± 5.6 vs. 6.92 ± 5.9, mean difference −0.64 ± 4.59 (95% CI (−1.21)–(−0.06)); t (244) = −2.17, p = 0.031), and the STAI scores decreased (45.35 ± 16.4 vs. 41.47 ± 14.0, t(234) = 4.39, p = 0.000). Despite the exposure to an increased number of COVID-19 events (3.63 ± 1.8 vs. (6.34 ± 2.3)), the impact of exposure decreased between T1 and T2 (8.91 ± 4.6 vs. 7.47 ± 4.1), p < 0.001). In the MSPSS, significant differences were noted on the family scale between the T1 (6.10 ± 1.3) and T2 (5.91 ± 1.4) scores; t (216) = 2.68, p = 0.0008. A regression analysis showed three statistically significant variables that correlated with increased EPDS scores: the MSPSS family subscale (F (1212.00) = 4.308, p = 0.039), the STAI scores (F (1212.00) = 31.988, p = 0.000), and the impact of exposure to COVID-19 (F (1212.00) = 5.038, p = 0.026). The rates of PPD increased for women who delivered during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Further research is warranted to help reduce PPD among these women

Reaction of several potato cultivars to intervention irrigation during draught

В 1980-1983 гг. на Опытной станции Ядвисин был проведен точный полевой опыт с сортами Аба, Атоль, Циса, Попрад, Реда. При снижении влажности почвы ниже 50% ППВ применяли орошение дозами 20 и 40 мм (контроль - без орошения). На опыте велись наблюдения за развитием растений, оценивались высота конечного урожая, структура его, содержание крахмала, витамина С, зрелость клубней и их восприимчивость к механическим повреждениям. Установлено, что орошение не произвело большого влияния на развитие надземной массы растений, а только на накопление урожая клубней. О высоте урожая решал период II половина июля - I половина августа. Изучаемые сорта различались по требованиям к влаге: сорт Атоль оказался толерантным, сорта Аба, Попрад и Реда проявили средние требования к влаге, а сорт Циса - высокие. Не было установлено существенное воздействие орошения на содержание крахмала и витамина С, а также на зрелость клубней и устойчивость к механическим повреждениям.In the years 1980-1983 at Jadwisin Experimental Station field experiments on cvs. Aba, Atol, Cisa, Poprad and Reda were carried out. When the soil humidity decreased below 50% field water capacity then irrigation was applied at rates 20 mm, 40 mm and control - without irrigation. Plant development, final tuber yield, its structure, starch and vitamin С content, tuber maturity and their susceptibility to mechanical damage were assessed. It has been found that irrigation did not affect much haulm development, but tuber yield accumulation. The crucial period for the size of the yield was second half of July and first half of August. The cultivars tested differed in their water requirements, cv. Atol being tolerant, cvs. Aba, Poprad and Reda - with moderate water requirements, cv. Cisa - with high water requirements. There was no significant influence of the irrigation on starch and vitamin С content, tuber maturity and their resistance to mechanical damage