Ground state correlations in Deep Inelastic Scattering and the Drell-Yan process

Non-perturbative corrections to the LO cross section formulae for DIS and the Drell-Yan process were calculated. The interaction of partons was taken into account via dressing the incoming quark lines with spectral functions. We found the effect of ground state correlation in DIS to be large in the region of small Bjorken x and low momentum transfer Q. For a quark width of the order of 200 MeV, the deviation from parton model cross section reaches as much as 50% for Q^2=10 GeV^2. On the other hand, for the values of Q well above the resonance region, the effect of ISI turned out to be small in DIS, but still substantial for the triple differential Drell-Yan cross section. Our calculations show that the shape of the high mass Drell-Yan pair transverse momentum distribution is fully determined by quark off-shellness. From comparison to the resent data on the Drell-Yan cross section from NuSea collaboration, we obtained for the quark width in the nucleon the value about 200 MeV.Comment: Talk presented on "IV international conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics", to be published in the proceedings, 6 pages, 5 figures, uses EPJ styl

Sea-quark flavor asymmetry in the nucleon from a relativistic analysis of the Drell-Yan scattering off nuclei

It is shown that accounting for the relativistic structure of the deuteron allows to explain the ratio of the Drell-Yan pair production cross-section at the low Bjorken $x$ off the deuteron and the proton. Thus, the sea quark distributions in the nucleon should be studied with accounting for the effects of the relativistic structure of the deuteron. The suggested approach reduces theoretical uncertainty in extracting the ratio $\bar u/\bar d$ from the data and it is important for the clarification of the nature of the sea quark asymmetry in the nucleon.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figures, Chiral Symmetry in Hadron and Nuclear Physics November 13-16, 2007, Osak

Not all surveillance data are created equal—A multi‐method dynamic occupancy approach to determine rabies elimination from wildlife

1. A necessary component of elimination programmes for wildlife disease is effective surveillance. The ability to distinguish between disease freedom and non‐detection can mean the difference between a successful elimination campaign and new epizootics. Understanding the contribution of different surveillance methods helps to optimize and better allocate effort and develop more effective surveillance programmes. 2. We evaluated the probability of rabies virus elimination (disease freedom) in an enzootic area with active management using dynamic occupancy modelling of 10 years of raccoon rabies virus (RABV) surveillance data (2006–2015) collected from three states in the eastern United States. We estimated detection probability of RABV cases for each surveillance method (e.g. strange acting reports, roadkill, surveillance‐trapped animals, nuisance animals and public health samples) used by the USDA National Rabies Management Program. 3. Strange acting, found dead and public health animals were the most likely to detect RABV when it was present, and generally detectability was higher in fall– winter compared to spring–summer. Found dead animals in fall–winter had the highest detection at 0.33 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.48). Nuisance animals had the lowest detection probabilities (~0.02). 4. Areas with oral rabies vaccination (ORV) management had reduced occurrence probability compared to enzootic areas without ORV management. RABV occurrence was positively associated with deciduous and mixed forests and medium to high developed areas, which are also areas with higher raccoon (Procyon lotor) densities. By combining occupancy and detection estimates we can create a probability of elimination surface that can be updated seasonally to provide guidance on areas managed for wildlife disease. 5. Synthesis and applications. Wildlife disease surveillance is often comprised of a combination of targeted and convenience‐based methods. Using a multi‐method analytical approach allows us to compare the relative strengths of these methods, providing guidance on resource allocation for surveillance actions. Applying this multi‐method approach in conjunction with dynamic occupancy analyses better informs management decisions by understanding ecological drivers of disease occurrence

Temporal change in maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and lactation between and within 2 pregnancy cohorts assembled in the United Kingdom

Background: The association between maternal and infant dietary exposures and risk of allergic disease development is an area of considerable scientific uncertainty. Objective: This study aims to compare dietary habits during pregnancy and lactation in two pre-birth cohorts from the same location approximately 10 years apart, a timeframe characterised by changes in government dietary advice. Methods: The FAIR cohort is an unselected birth cohort born between 2001-2002. The 3rd generation cohort was born between 2010-2018. Both cohorts were established on the Isle of Wight (UK) to investigate prevalence of allergic diseases. Nutrition and allergy data was collected prospectively from recruitment and throughout the infant’s early life. Here we present dietary data collected in the third trimester of pregnancy and at three months of age. Differences between cohorts were tested using t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Data was available for 1331 participants (969 FAIR and 362 3rd generation). The proportion of mothers that reported excluding peanuts during pregnancy was significantly lower for the 3rd generation compared to the FAIR cohort (16.0% vs. 55.6%, p < 0.01). Cohort membership, primiparity, and maternal education were significantly associated with excluding peanuts during pregnancy (p < 0.01). The proportion of mothers who reported excluding any foods during breastfeeding was significantly lower for the 3rd generation compared to the FAIR cohort (22.8% vs. 43.4%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Maternal exclusion of peanut during pregnancy was lower for mothers giving birth between 2012-2018, compared to mothers giving birth between 2001-2002