Vorwahlkampf in Brasilien: Schlaglichter auf das politische Geschehen im Präsidentschaftswahljahr 2002

Selten war der brasilianische Vorwahlkampf so spannend wie im Jahr 2002. Anders als 1994 und 1998 gibt es keine klaren Favoriten bei den diesjährigen Präsidentschaftswahlen. Hinzu kommt die Entscheidung des Bundeswahlgerichts von Ende Februar 2002, wonach die Parteienbündnisse auf Ebene der Union und der Bundesstaaten gleich sein müssen, was die taktischen Absprachen zwischen den Parteien kräftig durcheinandergebracht hat. Der vorliegende Beitrag will die neuesten Entwicklungen im brasilianischen Präsidentschaftswahlkampf näher beleuchten. Nach einer Betrachtung der Aussichten für die einzelnen potenziellen Präsidentschaftskandidaten werden die Auswirkungen der erwähnten Entscheidung des Bundeswahlgerichts erörtert. (Brennpkt Lat.am/DÜI

High BMI and Surgical Time Are Significant Predictors of Lymphocele after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Lymphoceles (LC) occur in up to 60% after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND). In 2–10%, they are symptomatic and may cause complications and require treatment. Data on risk factors for the formation of lymphoceles after RARP and PNLD remain sparse in the urologic literature and are inconclusive to date. The underlying data of this secondary analysis were obtained from the prospective multi-center RCT ProLy. We performed a multivariate analysis to focus on the potential risk factors that may influence lymphocele formation. Patients with LC had a statistically significant higher BMI (27.8 vs. 26.3 kg/m2 , p < 0.001; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 : 31 vs. 17%, p = 0.002) and their surgical time was longer (180 vs. 160 min, p = 0.001) In multivariate analysis, the study group (control vs. peritoneal flap, p = 0.003), BMI (metric, p = 0.028), and surgical time (continuous, p = 0.007) were independent predictors. Patients with symptomatic lymphocele presented with higher BMI (29 vs. 26.6 kg/m2 , p = 0.007; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 : 39 vs. 20%, p = 0.023) and experienced higher intraoperative blood loss (200 vs. 150 mL, p = 0.032). In multivariate analysis, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 vs. < 30 kg/m2 was an independent predictor for the formation of a symptomatic lymphocele (p = 0.02). High BMI and prolonged surgical time are general risk factors for the development of LC. Patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had a higher risk for symptomatic lymphoceles

High BMI and Surgical Time Are Significant Predictors of Lymphocele after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Lymphoceles (LC) occur in up to 60% after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND). In 2–10%, they are symptomatic and may cause complications and require treatment. Data on risk factors for the formation of lymphoceles after RARP and PNLD remain sparse in the urologic literature and are inconclusive to date. The underlying data of this secondary analysis were obtained from the prospective multi-center RCT ProLy. We performed a multivariate analysis to focus on the potential risk factors that may influence lymphocele formation. Patients with LC had a statistically significant higher BMI (27.8 vs. 26.3 kg/m2, p 2: 31 vs. 17%, p = 0.002) and their surgical time was longer (180 vs. 160 min, p = 0.001) In multivariate analysis, the study group (control vs. peritoneal flap, p = 0.003), BMI (metric, p = 0.028), and surgical time (continuous, p = 0.007) were independent predictors. Patients with symptomatic lymphocele presented with higher BMI (29 vs. 26.6 kg/m2, p = 0.007; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2: 39 vs. 20%, p = 0.023) and experienced higher intraoperative blood loss (200 vs. 150 mL, p = 0.032). In multivariate analysis, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 vs. 2 was an independent predictor for the formation of a symptomatic lymphocele (p = 0.02). High BMI and prolonged surgical time are general risk factors for the development of LC. Patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had a higher risk for symptomatic lymphoceles