Systems of Chemical Compounds

The nitrogen system of chemistry is well known through the work of Franklin (1935) and others and the numerous relations existing between the nitrogen and oxygen systems of compounds, are illustrated by many examples in the monograph just cited

Simultaneity and Originality in Human Thought - Paper Presented at the Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting

All of us have observed in our scientific work that many discoveries have been made by different investigators at widely scattered places, but at the same time. Some of these instances are so striking that it becomes of interest to consider the matter and make an attempt to explain the condition in the hope that we may understand the phenomenon. The particular cases chosen for illustration are all from the fields of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Furthermore, they are scattered examples which have happened to come to our attention over a number of years. The same observation can undoubtedly be made in other fields of science, and in fact, in any region of human endeavor. Why is it that hundreds of illustrations can be given, showing the simultaneity of discovery and invention? Is it only a matter of chance that produces these coincidences? Are there so many new ideas that we may expect a very definite fraction of the whole to be happening at the same time? To be sure, if we are satisfied with this answer, we refer the question to the realm of probability, thus admitting our inability to assign a satisfactory reason for this simultaneous appearance of new ideas. We are unwilling to make such an admission, or at least will only consent to it if all our efforts at explanation fail. There is however what appears to be a logical interpretation of this interesting phenomenon

Raman Tube Filters

A method for the application of plastic filter dopes to Raman tubes was developed. Such filters were devised for isolation of the 4358. A mercury triplet, which was used as the exciting source. Derivatives of nitrobenzene dissolved in a urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin effectively removed the 4047. A pair. During long ex-posures to mercury lamp radiations, these filters darkened. A film of light stable Eastman Acetate Lacquer 390-37-2 served the same purpose. Removal of continuous background was effected by Rhodamine 5GDN Extra in polymethyl methacrylate, Tygon lacquers, cellulose acetate, cellophane, or urea-melamine-formaldehyde resins. An Eastman gelatin filter produced similar results. A filter utilizing both the Eastman Acetate Lacquer and the Rhodamine dye in the urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin was stable to over 240 hours exposure to twelve General Electric A-H2 mercury lamps

Raman Effect of Sodium Cyanide

In another study we wished to use the Raman line of sodium cyanide solution as a reference spectrum. We find that potassium cyanide solutions but not sodium cyanide have been studied by Pal and Sen Gupta (1930). It is well known that electrolytes which are strong salts and hence highly ionized in solution give Raman lines only of their ions in case the latter are complex. Hence only the Raman spectrum of the cyanide ion is to he expected from any cyanide solution independent of the positive ion

The Raman Effect of Cis and Trans-Decalin

Several of the physical properties of liquid cis-decalin seem to change at about 55°C. The surface tension-temperature curve for example shows a change in slope at about this temperature. It was thought of interest to study the Raman effect of the two isomers as a function of temperature in order to find out if the scattering power of the two isomers shows different behavior over the temperature range 25°-75°C. It appears that the scattering of trans-decalin remains about the same over this temperature range while the cisisomer shows increased scattering at the higher temperature. Some ideas are expressed that might account for the phenomenon