26 research outputs found

    Effets d’extrait hydroĂ©thanolique de feuilles de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sur Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) et Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera : Aphididae) dans la production du chou au Sud du Togo

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    L’utilisation des pesticides botaniques dans le contrĂŽle des insectes ravageurs des cultures constitue de nos jours, une alternative Ă  l’utilisation abusive des pesticides de synthĂšse. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer l’efficacitĂ© d’extrait hydroĂ©thanolique de feuilles de neem dans la lutte contre Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) et Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera : Aphididae), deux principaux insectes ravageurs du chou en milieu maraĂźcher au Sud du Togo. L’efficacitĂ© de cet extrait botanique a Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©e Ă  celles de deux insecticides de synthĂšse, le Conquest Plus 388 EC et le Cydim Super, trĂšs utilisĂ©s par les producteurs en maraĂźchage au Togo. Les essais ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s en zone maraĂźchĂšre sur des parcelles de chou disposĂ©es en blocs complets randomisĂ©s et Ă©quilibrĂ©s. Les traitements Ă  base d’extrait ont significativement rĂ©duit les populations de P. xylostella par rapport aux insecticides de synthĂšse. Les plants des parcelles traitĂ©es, ont tous Ă©tĂ© exemptes d’infestation de L. erysimi par rapport Ă  ceux du tĂ©moin. Les rendements moyens en pomme de chou ont Ă©tĂ© compris entre 1,72 ± 0,77 t / ha pour le tĂ©moin et 14,48 ± 1,30 t/ha pour des parcelles traitĂ©es avec l’extrait de neem. Le taux de perte en feuilles pommĂ©es perforĂ©es a variĂ© entre 32,31 ± 8,94% sur des parcelles traitĂ©es avec l’extrait de neem et 49,56 ± 8,99% sur les parcelles traitĂ©es avec le Cydim Super. Cette Ă©tude montre que l’extrait de feuilles de neem peut ĂȘtre utilisĂ© dans la gestion intĂ©grĂ©e de P. xylostella et de L. erysimi au sud du Togo.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: Plutella xylostella, Lipaphis erysimi, neem, chou, Sud du TogoEnglish Title: Effects of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaves hydroethanolic extract on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in cabbage production in Southern TogoEnglish AbstractThe use of botanical pesticides against insect pests is nowadays an alternative to the abusive use of synthetic pesticides. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of hydroethanolic extract of neem  leaves against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), two main insect pests of cabbage in gardening field in Southern Togo. The effectiveness of this botanical extract was compared to those of two synthetic insecticides, Conquest Plus 388 EC and Cydim Super, very used by producers in gardening in Togo. The trials were conducted in vegetable area on cabbage plots arranged in randomized complete blocks. Treatments containing extract significantly reduced the populations of P. xylostella compared to synthetic insecticides. The plants of plots treated, were all free of L. erysimi infestation compared to control’s. Cabbage yields were in average between 1.72 ± 0.77 t / ha for the control and 14.48 ± 1.30 t / ha for plots treated with neem extract. The loss rate of perforated cabbage leaves varied between 32.31 ± 8.94% in plots treated with the extract of neem and 49.56 ± 8.99% in plots treated with Cydim Super. This study shows that the extract of neem leaves can be used in the integrated management of P. xylostella and L. erysimi in Southern Togo.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Plutella xylostella, Lipaphis erysimi, neem, cabbage, Southern Tog

    CaractĂ©ristiques Dimensionnelles Des Principaux Organes Du Tractus GĂ©nital MĂąle De Anisopteromalus Calandrae Howard (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) En Fonction De L’ñge

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    The reproductive capacity of the parasitoĂŻd of cowpea bruchids Anisopteromalus calandrae Howard (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) male depends on the number of spermatozoa produced and spilled in the seminal vesicle. The objective of this study is to determine the dimensional characteristics of the different parts of the male genital tract of A. calandrae depending on age. Photographs of the parts of the male genital tract of the nymph and the virgin adults of 0- 1- 5- 10- and 15-day old were taken by light microscopy. The dimensional characteristics of the organs of the genital tract of A. calandrae has shown that when the surface of the testes decreases, that of the anterior portion of the seminal vesicle increases and the ratio between the width of the light and the total width of the accessory gland increases from emergence to the fifteenth day. The dimension of the testes decreases in favor of that of the seminal vesicle and the accessory gland of A. calandrae male depending on age

    Evaluation Des Attaques De Termites (Isoptera Brulle, 1832) Sur Quatre Essences Forestieres D’importance Economique Au Togo (Afrique De L’ouest)

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    Termites are one of the most abundant invertebrates in tropical ecosystems, where they play a major ecological role in litter decomposition. Despite their important role, termites can cause considerable damage to wood structures in most tropical countries. The aims of this study was to evaluate termite attack in four economically important species in Togo including Antiaris africana Engl (Moraceae), Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae), Triplochiton scleroxylon Schum (Malvaceae) (all local species) and teak or Tectona grandis Linné (Lamiaceae). For the latter species, termites were infested on 83.49% of 630 feet examined. However, the rate and type attacks differ from one plantation to another. On the studied forest species, termites were collected on about 97% of Triplochiton scleroxylon feet. For this species, at least 31% of examined feet have had their wood attacked. For the other two species, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Antiaris africana respectively about 80% and 67% of examined feet were attacked by termites. Amitermes evuncifer, Ancistrotermes guineensis and Microtermes lepidus were species of termite often harvested from trees examined. However the last two species namely A. guineensis and M. lepidus are encountered on the bark of trees inside veneers unlike A. evuncifer harvested in the heart of the wood. Therefore, the latter species deserves special attention as likely to cause serious damage not only to these species but also other species not taken into account in this study. It is therefore necessary to consider adequate control methods against these species

    La faune des serpents du Togo : systĂ©matique, rĂ©partition et biogĂ©ographie, avec des remarques sur quelques problĂšmes taxonomiques

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    Nous prĂ©sentons une liste commentĂ©e des 91 espĂšces de serpents actuellement connues au Togo, Afrique occidentale. Sept espĂšces sont signalĂ©es pour la premiĂšre fois dans ce pays : Calabaria reinhardtii, Hapsidophrys lineatus, Lycophidion nigromaculatum, Philothamnus carinatus, Leptotyphlops cf. narirostris, Letheobia crossi et Typhlops lineolatus. Nous indiquons les principaux caractĂšres morphologiques des spĂ©cimens examinĂ©s. Quelques problĂšmes taxonomiques sont signalĂ©s et discutĂ©s. La rĂ©partition de chaque espĂšce est donnĂ©e en dĂ©tails. Enfin, nous discutons briĂšvement le problĂšme du commerce des serpents au Togo.We present here an annotated list of the 91 snake species currently recorded from Togo, West Africa. Seven species are here recorded for the first time from this country: Calabaria reinhardtii, Hapsidophrys lineatus, Lycophidion nigromaculatum, Philothamnus carinatus, Leptotyphlops cf. narirostris, Letheobia crossi and Typhlops lineolatus. Main morphological data of examined specimens are provided. Some taxonomical problems are pointed out and discussed. The distribution of these species is detailed. We also provide a short discussion on the snake trade in Togo.</p

    Contribution au recensement de quelques légumineuses spontanées et subspontanées, hÎtes de Bruchidae en zone guinéenne au Togo (Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea)

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    A stock-taking among the spontaneous flora of a Togolese guinean savanna permits to discover nine species of bruchids distributed into three generas (Caryedon, Conicobruchus and Bruchidius) on 12 taxa of Leguminosae.Un inventaire effectué dans la flore spontanée des Légumineuses des savanes guinéennes du sud-Togo a permis d'identifier neuf espÚces de bruches appartenant à trois genres (Caryedon, Conicobruchus et Bruchidius) qui parasitent 12 taxons de Légumineuses.Woegan Agbélessessi Y., Glitho adolé Isabelle, Bouchet Françoise, Akpagana Koffi. Contribution au recensement de quelques légumineuses spontanées et subspontanées, hÎtes de Bruchidae en zone guinéenne au Togo (Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 102 (3), août 1997. pp. 241-250
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