67 research outputs found
Chronic intermittent treatment with Clozapine: implications for development of vacuous chewing movements and electrical kindling
Intermittent treatment of rats with clozapine in two difTerent doses for 16 weeks did neither result in sensitization of oral activity nor in facilitation of seizure development in electrical kindling. The lack of development of dyskinetic mouth movements concerts with clinical experience, Cross-sensitivity between development of dyskinetic mouth movements following longlasting intermittent treatment of rats with haloperidol and electrical amygdala kindling has previously been demonstrated. The findings in this study contradict that eross-sensitivity between intermittent treatment with classical antipsychotie drugs and electrical amygdala kindling is the result of the lowering of seizure threshold of antipsychotie drugs. Instead the present results support the hypothesis of common pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of persisting increases in oral activity and in electrical amygdala kindling
Prolonged-release melatonin versus placebo for benzodiazepine discontinuation in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial - the SMART trial protocol
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Treatment of schizophrenia frequently includes prolonged benzodiazepine administration despite a lack of evidence of its use. It is often difficult to discontinue benzodiazepines because of the development of dependence. We aim to assess if melatonin can facilitate the withdrawal of prolonged benzodiazepine administration in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, we aim to investigate the association of benzodiazepine dose reduction with the following clinically important variables: sleep, psychophysiology, cognition, social function, and quality of life.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>Randomized, blinded, two-armed, parallel superiority trial. We plan to include 80 consenting outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, 18-55 years of age, treated with antipsychotic drug(s) and at least one benzodiazepine derivative for the last three months before inclusion. Exclusion criteria: currently under treatment for alcohol or drug abuse, aggressive or violent behavior, known mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorder, dementia, epilepsy, terminal illness, severe co morbidity, inability to understand Danish, allergy to melatonin, lactose, starch, gelatin, or talc, hepatic impairment, pregnancy or nursing, or lack of informed consent. After being randomized to prolonged-release melatonin (Circadin<sup>®</sup>) 2 mg daily or matching placebo, participants are required to slowly taper off their benzodiazepine dose. The primary outcome measure is benzodiazepine dose at 6 months follow-up. Secondary outcome measures include sleep, psychophysiological, and neurocognitive measures. Data are collected at baseline and at 6 months follow-up regarding medical treatment, cognition, psychophysiology, sleep, laboratory tests, adverse events, psychopathology, social function, and quality of life. Data on medical treatment, cognition, psychophysiology, adverse events, social function, and quality of life are also collected at 2 and 4 months follow-up.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The results from this trial will examine whether melatonin has a role in withdrawing long-term benzodiazepine administration in schizophrenia patients. This group of patients is difficult to treat and therefore often subject to polypharmacy which may play a role in the reduced life expectancy of patients compared to the background population. The results will also provide new information on the association of chronic benzodiazepine treatment with sleep, psychophysiology, cognition, social function, and quality of life. Knowledge of these important clinical aspects is lacking in this group of patients.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01431092">NCT01431092</a></p
Supplementary data for a focused review and meta-analysis of H-1-MRS studies on cerebral glutamate and GABA levels in high-risk of psychosis states
Diretrizes da Federação Mundial das Sociedades de Psiquiatria Biológica para o tratamento biológico da esquizofrenia. Parte 2: tratamento de longo prazo
These guidelines for the biological treatment of schizophrenia were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). The goal during the development of these guidelines was to review systematically all available evidence pertaining to the treatment of schizophrenia, and to reach a consensus on a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence. These guidelines are intended for use by all physicians seeing and treating people with schizophrenia. The data used for developing these guidelines have been extracted primarily from various national treatment guidelines and panels for schizophrenia, as well as from meta-analyses, reviews and randomised clinical trials on the efficacy of pharmacological and other biological treatment interventions identified by a search of the MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and then categorised into four levels of evidence (A/D). This second part of the guidelines covers the long-term treatment as well as the management of relevant side effects. These guidelines are primarily concerned with the biological treatment (including antipsychotic medication, other pharmacological treatment options, electroconvulsive therapy, adjunctive and novel therapeutic strategies) of adults suffering from schizophrenia.Estas diretrizes para o tratamento biológico da esquizofrenia foram desenvolvidas pela Força-Tarefa da Federação Mundial das Sociedades de Psiquiatria Biológica (World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, WFSBP). As metas fixadas durante o desenvolvimento destas diretrizes foi a revisão sistemática de todas as evidências disponíveis referentes ao tratamento da esquizofrenia, tanto no âmbito clínico como no científico, e o estabelecimento de um consenso sobre as principais recomendações para a prática psiquiátrica. Estas diretrizes são destinadas a todos os médicos que atendem e tratam de pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia. Os dados usados para desenvolver estas diretrizes foram extraídos primariamente de vários painéis e diretrizes nacionais para o tratamento da esquizofrenia, assim como de metanálises, revisões e estudos clínicos randomizados sobre a eficácia do tratamento farmacológico e de outras intervenções terapêuticas biológicas, identificadas por uma busca nas bases de dados MedLine e na Biblioteca Cochrane. A literatura identificada foi avaliada quanto à solidez das evidências a favor da eficácia de determinada intervenção, sendo, então, categorizada em quatro níveis de evidência (de A a D). A segunda parte das diretrizes abrange o tratamento de longo prazo, bem como o controle dos efeitos colaterais relevantes. Essas diretrizes são primariamente relacionadas ao tratamento biológico de adultos esquizofrênicos, incluindo medicação antipsicótica, outras opções de tratamento farmacológico, eletroconvulsoterapia, estratégias terapêuticas recentes e complementares
The role of depression in the prediction of a "late" remission in first-episode psychosis:An analysis of the OPTiMiSE study
Objective: The identification of predictors of psychosis remission could guide early clinical decision-making for treatment of first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Methods: We analyzed two non-independent subsamples of patients with FES ages 18-40 years from the OPTiMiSE study dataset to investigate the demographic and clinical factors that might help to differentiate "late" re-mitters (i.e., not in remission at week 2 or 4, but achieving remission within a 10-week follow-up period) from non-remitters within the same period. Results: Subsample 1 included 216 individuals (55 females, mean age 25.9 years) treated with amisulpride in an open-label design who were not in remission at week 2. Early symptomatic response between baseline and week 2 (odds ratio (OR)- 4.186, 95% confidence interval (CI)- 2.082-8.416, p < 0.001) and older age (OR- 1.081, 95% = CI 1.026-1.138, p- 0.003) were the only variables significantly associated with a higher probability of psychosis remission at week 4. Subsample 2 was composed of the 72 participants (19 females, mean age 25.1 years) who were not in remission at week 4 and completed a 6-week double-blind randomized trial comparing continuation of amisulpride with switch to olanzapine. Depression at baseline (as measured with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia) was significantly associated with a nearly 3-fold lower likelihood of psychosis remission during the 10-week follow-up (hazard ratio = 2.865, 95% CI = 1.187-6.916, p = 0.019). Conclusion: Our results reinforce the importance of assessing depressive symptoms in people with FES and support the relevance of an early response (as early as 2 weeks) as a predictor of clinical outcome in this population. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Neurocognitive performance, subjective well-being, and psychosocial functioning after benzodiazepine withdrawal in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder:a randomized clinical trial of add-on melatonin versus placebo
The effects of imipramine on P50 suppression, prepulse inhibition and habituation of the startle response in humans
A nation-wide twin study of social cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
We examined social cognition in 32 monozygotic (MZ) and 21 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs concordant or discordant for a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis and healthy control (HC) twin pairs (29 MZ/20 DZ). All participants were recruited through the Danish registers. Patients showed several deficits in the ability to detect sarcasm. Impairments were also observed in the unaffected MZ co-twins, indicating that social cognitive deficits could be a genetic vulnerability indicator of the disease. Worse social cognition was associated with lower intelligence and higher levels of psychopathology in patients
Basal ganglia volumes in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients before and after short-term treatment with either a typical or an atypical antipsychotic drug
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