Thermal and cardiorespiratory newborn adaptations during hot tub bath

Objective: To evaluate thermal and cardiorespiratory adaptation during hot tub bath and shower in healthy newborns in the first hours of life. Study design: This is a randomized blind controlled trial, registered in ReBEC (No. RBR-4z26f3) with 184 newborns divided into hot tub group (n=84) and shower (n=100). Newborns from intervention group were immersed in a hot tub with warm water up to the neck, without exposure to air flow, and control group received traditional shower. Heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature were measured before and immediately after bath by an investigator blinded to the type of bath. Results: Groups were similar in gender, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score at 5th minute and hours of life, p => 0.05. To analyze thermal and cardiorespiratory adjustments, difference between post-bath variables and pre-bath was calculated. In this analysis, it was found statistically significant difference between two types of bath regarding heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature. Hot tub bath decreases heart and respiratory rates and increases temperature, whereas shower provides the opposite effect (0.0001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that hot tub baths and shower, in healthy newborns, promote thermal and cardiorespiratory adaptations, reflecting thermal, cardiac and respiratory positive reactions after hot tub bath

Impacto do tipo de parto sobre a mobilidade Toracoabdominal de recém-nascidos

Introduction: In newborns delivered by cesarean section, there is less chest compression and little amount of fluid is drained by gravity, which temporarily reduces thoracoabdominal mobility. Objetive: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the type of delivery on newborns Thoracoabdominal Mobility. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with newborns of gestational age between 37 and 41 weeks, of both sexes, with up to 72 hours of life, breathing in ambient air and born by normal delivery or cesarean section. The Thoracoabdominal Mobility was evaluated by videogrammetry using MATLAB Software and considered, in metric units (cm2), as the difference between the highest and lowest thoracoabdominal expansibility for each respiratory cycle. Results: Twenty-six infants were included, 11 were male and 50% were born by cesarean section. The mean gestational age was 39 ± 0,9 and 28 ± 18 hours of life. The mobility, difference between greater and lesser expansion, of the thoracic area in vaginal and cesarean delivery was 6 ± 3 cm2 and 7 ± 5 cm2 and the abdominal area was 29 ± 22 cm2 and 21 ± 14 cm2, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant between the two types of delivery for the thoracic area, but was statistically different for the abdominal area (p= 0.01). And the higher the respiratory rate, the lower the abdominal mobility (r= -0.57, p= 0.02). Conclusion: The data indicate that the type of delivery seems to influence abdominal mobility and respiratory rate. In the studied sample, newborns with cesarean section presented lower abdominal mobility.Introdução: Nos recém-nascidos de parto cesáreo, ocorre menor compressão torácica e pouca quantidade de líquido é drenada por ação da gravidade, o que diminui, transitoriamente, a mobilidade toracoabdominal. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o impacto do tipo de parto na mobilidade torácica e abdominal em recém-nascidos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com recém-nascidos de idade gestacional entre 37 a 41 semanas, de ambos os sexos, com até 72 horas de vida, respirando em ar ambiente e nascidos de parto normal ou parto cesáreo. A mobilidade torácica e abdominal foram avaliadas pela videogrametria por meio do Software MATLAB e considerada, em unidades métricas (cm2), como a diferença da maior e menor expansibilidade toracoabdominal para cada ciclo respiratório.Resultados: Foram inclusos 26 recém-nascidos 11 do sexo masculino e 50% nascidos de parto cesáreo. A idade gestacional média foi de 39 ± 0,9 sem e tinham 28 ± 18 horas de vida. A mobilidade, diferença entre a maior e menor expansibilidade, da área torácica no parto vaginal e cesáreo foi 6 ± 3 cm2 e 7 ± 5 cm2 e da área abdominal foi de 29±22 cm2 e 21± 14 cm2, respectivamente. Esta diferença não foi estatisticamente significante entre os dois tipos de parto para a área torácica, mas mostrou-se diferente estatisticamente para a área abdominal (p = 0,01). E para os recém-nascidos de parto cesáreo, quanto maior a frequência respiratória, menor a mobilidade abdominal (r= -0,57; p = 0,02). Conclusão: Os dados indicam que o tipo de parto parece influenciar a mobilidade abdominal e a frequência respiratória. Na amostra estudada os recém-nascidos de parto cesáreo apresentaram menor mobilidade abdominal

ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE HELMINTOS DE ARAPAIMA GIGAS EN SISTEMAS SEMI-INTENSIVOS E INTENSIVOS DE CULTIVO EN EL SUROESTE DE LA AMAZONIA BRASILEÑA

En la Amazonia, las inversiones en nuevas tecnologías para el cultivo de peces se han hecho en los últimos años. Arapaima gigas es considerada una de las especies con mayor potencial para la piscicultura en la región. Los sistemas que cultivan esta especie en el Amazonas son muy diversos, que van desde semi-intensivo para intensivo o industrial. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la estructura de la comunidad de helmintos de A. gigas comparando dos sistemas de cultivo. Un total de 121 peces se obtuvieron de un sistema semi-intensivo y otro intensivo en el estado de Acre, Brasil. Se identificaron un total de nueve especies de parásitos, con una sola especie en común. Hubo una diferencia significativa con respecto a los niveles de prevalencia de parásitos entre los dos cultivos de peces (χ2= 44,99

Use of coccidiostat in mineral salt and study on ovine eimeriosis Uso de coccidiostático no sal mineral e estudo da eimeriose ovina

Coccidiosis is a serious obstacle to sheep production, which is becoming a limiting factor, especially with regard to lamb production. However, there are few studies on this parasite in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of decoquinate, added to mineral salt, for controlling Eimeria infection in lambs, and to identify which species are infecting sheep in the eastern region of the state. This study was carried out from August 2009 to January 2010, and used 76 animals. These were divided into two treatment groups: one with common mineral salt, and the other with mineral salt enriched with 6% micronized decoquinate. Fecal samples and body weight measurements were taken every 14 days for parasitological diagnosis, weight gain follow-up and quantitative analysis. The study showed that there was a significant difference in OPG only at the 7th collection, but no significant difference in weight gain. The Eimeria species found were E. ahsata. E. crandallis. E. granulosa. E. intrincata. E. ovina. E. faurei. E. ovinoidalis. E. pallida and E. parva. It was concluded that addition of decoquinate to mineral salt gave rise to lower oocyst elimination, thus favoring eimeriosis control in sheep.A coccidiose constitui-se num sério obstáculo à ovinocultura, a qual vem se tornando um fator limitante para a exploração, especialmente para a produção de cordeiros precoces. Porém, poucos são os estudos com esse parasito no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do decoquinato, adicionado ao sal mineral, no controle da infecção causada por parasitas do gênero Eimeria em cordeiros, e identificar quais as espécies infectam ovinos na região leste Potiguar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido entre agosto de 2009 e janeiro de 2010, e foram usados 76 animais, distribuídos em dois tratamentos, um com sal mineral comum e o outro com sal mineral enriquecido com decoquinato a 6% micronizado. Amostras fecais e pesagens dos animais foram feitas a cada 14 dias para o diagnóstico parasitológico, acompanhamento do ganho de peso ponderal e análise quantitativa. O estudo evidenciou que houve diferença significativa na redução do OoPG apenas na 7º semana de experimento, mas não houve diferenças significativas para ganho de peso dos animais. As espécies encontradas foram E. ahsata. E. crandallis. E. granulosa. E. intrincata. E. ovina. E. faurei. E. ovinoidalis. E. pallida . E. parva. Conclui-se que a adição de decoquinato ao sal mineral propiciou uma menor eliminação de oocistos favorecendo o controle da eimeriose ovina

Otite parasitária causada por Rhabditis (Rhabditis) freitasi (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) em animais da raça Gir no estado do Acre.

The bovine parasitic otitis has been reported in several states of Brazil. It is caused by rhabditiforms nematodes, attacking cattle Gir and Indubrasil breeds. The aim of this work was to describe the occurrence of the disease in animals of the cattle Gir breed in Rio Branco, State of Acre, Brazil. The animals belonged to the Station of Improvement and Animal Genetic Diffusion. Samples were collected from five of these individuals, with swabs aid, conditioned in plastic tubes and kept in alcohol 70%. The specimens were visualized using optical microscopy, and the morphometry was accomplished through a micrometrical ocular. The data were inserted in the Excel spreadsheet, running on Windows 7, and analyzed through descriptive statistics. The animals presented purulent secretion in the external ear canals, shook their heads, showed inquietude and sensibility to the touch during the clinical trials, when intense infestation was observed. One of the individuals died. Animal genetic improvement programs are negatively interfered by infestations like these. It was possible and opportune to find out the moment and place how such illness has entered in the state of Acre. This work aims to help reinforce the importance of future studies to report new cases in the state of Acre

Riqueza e abundância de morcegos capturados na borda e no interior de um fragmento florestal do estado do Acre, Brasil

As a consequence of deforestation, forest fragmentation is a reality that is increasingly present in the western partof the state of Acre, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in the richness and abundance of bats in an urban forest fragment of approximately 150ha, which is located in Rio Branco (AC). Collections were performed in two places: two points that were 200m from the edge and two that were 20m from the edge. Mist-nets were opened four hours after sundown during three nights/month. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and the Jaccard Similarity index (J) were used for comparative analysis. On 48 nights (November/2005 to July/2007), 85 individual bats of 15 species were captured, with greater richness and abundance of chiropters within the fragment. The similarity index of species was low (J=0.44), indicating habitat preference. The diversity index (H'=2.091) was similar to that of previous studies in the Amazon, especially in Brazil, with lower diversity at the edge (H'=1.864) than inside the fragment (H'=2.047). Carollia perspicillata (n=32) and Artibeus lituratus (n=13) were responsible for 57.6% of the total captured. The characteristics of the matrix and the adaptation ofthe bats to the mist-nets explained the observed values.http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2010v23n4p109Devido ao desmatamento, a fragmentação florestal é uma realidade cada vez mais presente no oeste do estado do Acre. O estudo objetivou avaliar variações na riqueza e abundância de morcegos em um fragmento florestal urbano de aproximadamente 150ha localizado na cidade de Rio Branco (AC). As coletas foram realizadas em dois sítios: sendo dois pontos de coleta a 200m da borda e outros dois a 20m da borda. Redes de neblina ficaram abertas quatro horas depois do pôr-do-sol, durante três noites/mês. O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’) e o índice de similaridade de Jaccard (J) foram usados para análise comparativa. Durante 48 noites (novembro/2005-julho/2007) foram capturados 85 morcegos de 15 espécies, com maior riqueza e abundância de quirópteros no interior do fragmento. A similaridade de espécies foi baixa (J=0,44), indicando preferência de habitat. O índice de diversidade encontrado (H’=2,091 nats/indiv) foi similar a de outros estudos na Amazônia, com menor diversidade na borda (H’=1,864) do que no interior do fragmento (H’=2,047). Carollia perspicillata (n=32) e Artibeus lituratus (n=13) responderam por 57,6% do total de capturas. As características da matriz e a adaptação dos morcegos às redes explicam os valores encontrados

Descriptive study of Rhabditis freitasi nematodes taken from Gir cattle with severe otitis in northern Brazil

Otitis induced by rhabditiform nematodes in Gir and Indubrasilhas cattle has been reported in several states of Brazil. Nematodes eggs, larvae and adults of both sexes rhabditis freitasi were taken from infested Gir cattle suffering severe ottorhea and examined microscopically and morphologically. Affected cattle presented purulent secretions from external ear canals, shook their heads, appeared irritable and were sensitive to handling. Findings suggest that the condition proliferates through introduction of parasitic-infested animals from endemic areas. Parasite data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and findings are reported