Design and operating experience on the US Department of Energy experimental Mod-0 100-kW wind turbine

The experimental wind turbine was designed and fabricated to assess technology requirements and engineering problems of large wind turbines. The machine has demonstrated successful operation in all of its design modes and served as a prototype developmental test bed for the Mod-0A operational wind turbines which are currently used on utility networks. The mechanical and control system are described as they evolved in operational tests and some of the experience with various systems in the downwind rotor configurations are elaborated

An isolated epizootic of hemorrhagic-like fever in cats caused by a novel and highly virulent strain of feline calicivirus.

An isolated epizootic of a highly fatal feline calicivirus (FCV) infection, manifested in its severest form by a systemic hemorrhagic-like fever, occurred over a 1-month period among six cats owned by two different employees and a client of a private veterinary practice. The infection may have started with an unowned shelter kitten that was hospitalized during this same period for a severe atypical upper respiratory infection. The causative agent was isolated from blood and nasal swabs from two cats; the electron microscopic appearance was typical for FCV and capsid gene sequencing showed it to be genetically similar to other less pathogenic field strains. An identical disease syndrome was recreated in laboratory cats through oral inoculation with tissue culture grown virus. During the course of transmission studies in experimental cats, the agent was inadvertently spread by caretakers to an adjoining room containing a group of four normal adult cats. One of the four older cats was found dead and a second was moribund within 48-72h in spite of symptomatic treatment; lesions in these animals were similar to those of the field cats but with the added feature of severe pancreatitis. The mortality in field cats, deliberately infected laboratory cats, and inadvertently infected laboratory cats ranged from 33-50%. This new isolate of calicivirus, named FCV-Ari, was neutralized at negligible to low titer by antiserum against the universal FCV-F9 vaccine strain. Cats orally immunized with FCV-F9, and then challenge-exposed shortly thereafter with FCV-Ari, developed a milder self-limiting form of disease, indicating partial protection. However, all of the field cats, including the three that died, had been previously immunized with parenteral FCV-F9 vaccine. FCV-Ari caused a disease that was reminiscent of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease, a highly fatal calicivirus infection of older rabbits

Overlay metallic-cermet alloy coating systems

A substrate, such as a turbine blade, vane, or the like, which is subjected to high temperature use is coated with a base coating of an oxide dispersed, metallic alloy (cermet). A top coating of an oxidation, hot corrosion, erosion resistant alloy of nickel, cobalt, or iron is then deposited on the base coating. A heat treatment is used to improve the bonding. The base coating serves as an inhibitor to interdiffusion between the protective top coating and the substrate. Otherwise, the protective top coating would rapidly interact detrimentally with the substrate and degrade by spalling of the protective oxides formed on the outer surface at elevated temperatures

Coating with overlay metallic-cermet alloy systems

A base layer of an oxide dispersed, metallic alloy (cermet) is arc plasma sprayed onto a substrate, such as a turbine blade, vane, or the like, which is subjected to high temperature use. A top layer of an oxidation, hot corrosion, erosion resistant alloy of nickel, cobalt, or iron is then arc plasma sprayed onto the base layer. A heat treatment is used to improve the bonding. The base layer serves as an inhibitor to interdiffusion between the protective top layer and the substrate. Otherwise, the 10 protective top layer would rapidly interact detrimentally with the substrate and degrade by spalling of the protective oxides formed on the outer surface at elevated temperatures

Mixing Calculations in a Rotating Partitioned Pipe

We consider laminar mixing in a steady incompressible Newtonian fluid. Through the use of particle tracking methods and analogous techniques applicable to material element vectors on a given velocity field, residence time distributions, Poincare maps and material element deformations are computed; all of which are useful tools in determining the efficacy of a mixing system. We analyse the accuracy of using solenoidal flux-interpolating splines to represent the underlying velocity field as a basis for determining mixing efficiencies. As a test case we use a rotating partitioned pipe mixer for which an approximate Stokes velocity field is available. The Stokes representation provides us with a benchmark with which to assess the accuracy of the spline interpolants

INTERFERON PRODUCTION BY MOUSE LEUKOCYTES IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

Vaccinia virus penetrates, or is phagocytosed by, mouse leukocytes in vitro. A cytotoxic effect is observed, but no new infectious virus is produced. Vaccinia virus, as infectious particles, is eliminated from a culture of leukocytes at a more rapid rate than can be accounted for by thermal inactivation. Leukocytes infected with vaccinia virus produce a substance with the properties of interferon. The evidence presented suggests that leukocytes also produce interferon in vivo and that this interferon is related to the observed protective effect on the outcome of intracerebral vesicular stomatitis virus challenge in mice. It is postulated that leukocytes, in this manner, may make a positive contribution to the host's defense mechanism and to the process of recovery from viral infections