O-RADS US risk stratification and management system: A consensus guideline from the ACR ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system committee.

The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) US risk stratification and management system is designed to provide consistent interpretations, to decrease or eliminate ambiguity in US reports resulting in a higher probability of accuracy in assigning risk of malignancy to ovarian and other adnexal masses, and to provide a management recommendation for each risk category. It was developed by an international multidisciplinary committee sponsored by the American College of Radiology and applies the standardized reporting tool for US based on the 2018 published lexicon of the O-RADS US working group. For risk stratification, the O-RADS US system recommends six categories (O-RADS 0-5), incorporating the range of normal to high risk of malignancy. This unique system represents a collaboration between the pattern-based approach commonly used in North America and the widely used, European-based, algorithmic-style International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Assessment of Different Neoplasias in the Adnexa model system, a risk prediction model that has undergone successful prospective and external validation. The pattern approach relies on a subgroup of the most predictive descriptors in the lexicon based on a retrospective review of evidence prospectively obtained in the IOTA phase 1-3 prospective studies and other supporting studies that assist in differentiating management schemes in a variety of almost certainly benign lesions. With O-RADS US working group consensus, guidelines for management in the different risk categories are proposed. Both systems have been stratified to reach the same risk categories and management strategies regardless of which is initially used. At this time, O-RADS US is the only lexicon and classification system that encompasses all risk categories with their associated management schemes

An investigation into the effect of fabrication parameter variation on the characteristics of screen printed thick film silver/silver chloride reference electrodes

Purpose – the purpose of this paper is to show how the fabrication parameters of screen-printed thick-film reference electrodes have been experimentally varied and their effect on device characteristics investigated.Design/methodology/approach – the tested devices were fabricated as screen-printed planar structures consisting of a silver back contact, a silver/silver chloride interfacial layer and a final salt reservoir layer containing potassium chloride. The fabrication parameters varied included deposition method and thickness, salt concentration and binder type used for the final salt reservoir layer. Characterisation was achieved by monitoring the electrode potentials as a function of time following initial immersion in test fluids in order to ascertain initial hydration times, subsequent electrode drift rates and useful lifetime of the electrodes. Additionally, the effect of fabrication parameter variation on electrode stability and their response time in various test media was also investigated.Findings – results indicate that, although a trade-off exists between hydration times and drift rate that is dependent on device thickness, the initial salt concentration levels and binder type also have a significant bearing on the practical useful lifetime. Generally speaking, thicker devices take longer to hydrate but have longer useful lifetimes in a given range of chloride environments. However, the electrode stability and response time is also influenced by the type of binder material employed for the final salt reservoir layer.Originality/value – the reported results help to explain better the behaviour of thick-film reference electrodes and contribute towards the optimisation of their design and fabrication for use in solid-state chemical senso

Solution processed organic solar cells on textiles

E-textiles are a promising platform for wearable technologies; but it faces the ubiquitous challenge of supplying power. One approach is to harvest ambient solar energy. Here, we present a fully solution processed organic solar cell (OSC) fabricated directly on to the surface of a standard polyester cotton fabric. A flexible screen printed interface layer is used to selectively smooth the fabric surface on to which all subsequent layers were deposited. The active layers making up the OSC were deposited entirely by solution processing using either spray coating or doctor blading in a nitrogen environment. Process temperatures are limited to 150 &amp;#x00B0;C to protect the fabric. Spray coating is found to be a repeatable and reliable way to deposit thin functional films onto the fabric and we have obtained a maximum efficiency of 1.23&amp;#x0025; demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for fabricating OSCs on any standard textile.</p