Back to Back Theatre’s ‘Ganesh versus the Third Reich’: Politics, representation and response

This panel considers the work of the Australian contemporary performance company Back to Back Theatre within the context of the conference theme of ‘cultural articulations’. We will address the ways in which religious objections to Ganesh versus the Third Reich were entwined with questions about the economic impact of these objections in attempts to censor and control the work. Helena Grehan’s paper will analyse the production Ganesh versus the Third Reich in terms of the ethical, political and social questions the work engenders. Peter Eckersall’s 'Theatre Love' The paper considers some of the possible ways that reading Back to Back’s theatre might respond to the current wave of a politics where opposition is an end in itself, whereas the idea of ‘taking sides’ requires a radical appreciation of the other. The third element is a roundtable discussion/interview with Bruce Gladwin (Director of Back to Back Theatre) and Alice Nash (Executive Producer Back to Back Theatre

Bi-directional power control of grid-tied battery energy storage system operating in frequency regulation

This paper presents a design of an average value PWM voltage source converter (VSC) along with bi-directional active and reactive power flow control in a grid-tied battery energy storage system. A vector control strategy with PI controllers is proposed. In this paper, a grid frequency regulation control design is also implemented in the BESS in order to meet the frequency response requirement by the National Grid Electricity Transmission, the primary distribution network operator in the UK. Simulation results on a 2MW/968kWh lithium-ion BESS are provided to verify the proposed control design based on the control of an experimentally validated battery model

A fast battery cycle counting method for grid-tied battery energy storage system subjected to microcycles

In this paper, a fast battery cycle counting method for grid-connected Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) operating in frequency regulation is presented. The methodology provides an approximation for the number of battery full charge-discharge cycles based on historical microcycling state-of-charge (SOC) data typical of BESS frequency regulation operation. An enhanced frequency response (EFR) algorithm, a new and fast frequency response service in the UK, that provides a charge/discharge response with respect to the deviations in the grid frequency, is used for analysis. The obtained historical SOC data from the EFR analysis is then considered as an input for evaluating the proposed battery cycle counting estimation method

Battery SOC management strategy for enhanced frequency response and day-ahead energy scheduling of BESS for energy arbitrage

The electricity system has to balance demand and supply every second, a task that is becoming evermore challenging due to the increased penetration of renewable energy sources and subsequent inertial levels. In the UK, a number of grid frequency support services are available, which are developed to provide a real-time response to changes in the grid frequency. The National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) - the primary electricity transmission network operator in the UK - has introduced a new faster frequency response service, called the Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR), which requires a response time of under one second. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are ideal choice for delivering such a service. In this paper a control algorithm is presented which supplies a charge/discharge power output with respect to deviations in the grid frequency and the ramp-rate limits imposed by NGET, whilst managing the state-of-charge (SOC) of the BESS to maximise the utilisation of the available energy capacity. Using the real UK market clearing prices, a forecasted battery state of charge (SOC) management strategy has been also developed to deliver EFR service whilst scheduling throughout the day for energy arbitrage. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm delivers an EFR service within the specification whilst generating arbitrage revenue. A comparative study is also presented to compare the yearly arbitrage revenue obtained from the model of the Willenhall and an experimental Leighton Buzzard battery storage system. Simulation results on a 2MW/1MWh lithium-titanate BESS are provided to verify the proposed algorithm based on the control of an experimentally validated battery model

Long time scale molecular dynamics using least action

We present here an efficient method for evaluating molecular trajectories over long time scales. The method is based on optimisation of the path action defined by classical mechanics. We test the technique on non-trivial examples drawn from the literature and discuss the effectiveness of this approach in the study of molecular processes. Many of the present techniques for calculating molecular trajectories are limited computationally. Standard forward integration of Newton's equations of motion yields accurate results for a range of systems whose transition times are many orders of magnitude less than most biologically interesting processes. If one wants to extend these calculations to biologically relevant time scales, it is necessary to develop methodologies which avoid this limitation. The process outlined in this paper has been tested on simple systems using harmonic and Lennard--Jones potential energy functions. The algorithm yields stable trajectories and is adjustable to suite available computational resources. In theory, this algorithm is applicable to any molecular system where the initial and final states are known. This could include investigation of chemical reactions, ligand/receptor binding and work cycles of molecular machinery

A Battery Energy Management Strategy for UK Enhanced Frequency Response

Balancing the grid at 50 Hz requires managing many distributed generation sources against a varying load, which is becoming an increasingly challenging task due to the increased penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar and loss of traditional generation which provide inertia to the system. In the UK, various frequency support services are available, which are developed to provide a real-time response to changes in the grid frequency. The National Grid (NG) – the main distribution network operator in the UK – have introduced a new and fast service called the Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR), which requires a response time of under one second. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is a suitable candidate for delivering such service. Therefore, in this paper a control algorithm is developed to provide a charge/discharge power output with respect to deviations in the grid frequency and the ramp-rate limits imposed by the NG, whilst managing the state-of-charge (SOC) of the BESS for an optimised utilisation of the available stored energy. Simulation results on a 2 MW/1 MWh lithiumtitanate BESS are provided to verify the proposed algorithm based on the control of an experimentally validated battery model

Erythrocytes and Vascular Function: Oxygen and Nitric Oxide

Erythrocytes regulate vascular function through the modulation of oxygen delivery and the scavenging and generation of nitric oxide (NO). First, hemoglobin inside the red blood cell binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to tissues throughout the body in an allosterically regulated process, modulated by oxygen, carbon dioxide and proton concentrations. The vasculature responds to low oxygen tensions through vasodilation, further recruiting blood flow and oxygen carrying erythrocytes. Research has shown multiple mechanisms are at play in this classical hypoxic vasodilatory response, with a potential role of red cell derived vasodilatory molecules, such as nitrite derived nitric oxide and red blood cell ATP, considered in the last 20 years. According to these hypotheses, red blood cells release vasodilatory molecules under low oxygen pressures. Candidate molecules released by erythrocytes and responsible for hypoxic vasodilation are nitric oxide, adenosine triphosphate and S-nitrosothiols. Our research group has characterized the biochemistry and physiological effects of the electron and proton transfer reactions from hemoglobin and other ferrous heme globins with nitrite to form NO. In addition to NO generation from nitrite during deoxygenation, hemoglobin has a high affinity for NO. Scavenging of NO by hemoglobin can cause vasoconstriction, which is greatly enhanced by cell free hemoglobin outside of the red cell. Therefore, compartmentalization of hemoglobin inside red blood cells and localization of red blood cells in the blood stream are important for healthy vascular function. Conditions where erythrocyte lysis leads to cell free hemoglobin or where erythrocytes adhere to the endothelium can result in hypertension and vaso constriction. These studies support a model where hemoglobin serves as an oxido-reductase, inhibiting NO and promoting higher vessel tone when oxygenated and reducing nitrite to form NO and vasodilate when deoxygenated. How erythrocytes modulate vascular tone has been widely studied over the last two decades. The vasodilation of the vasculature under hypoxic conditions has inspired much research ranging from the effect of oxygen partial pressure on smooth muscle cell contractility and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity to nitrite reduction by hemoglobin (Hb) inside erythrocytes and subsequent production of nitric oxide. Here we review how red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin regulate vascular function and blood flow

Exact quantization of a PT-symmetric (reversible) Li\'enard-type nonlinear oscillator

We carry out an exact quantization of a PT symmetric (reversible) Li\'{e}nard type one dimensional nonlinear oscillator both semiclassically and quantum mechanically. The associated time independent classical Hamiltonian is of non-standard type and is invariant under a combined coordinate reflection and time reversal transformation. We use von Roos symmetric ordering procedure to write down the appropriate quantum Hamiltonian. While the quantum problem cannot be tackled in coordinate space, we show how the problem can be successfully solved in momentum space by solving the underlying Schr\"{o}dinger equation therein. We obtain explicitly the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions (in momentum space) and deduce the remarkable result that the spectrum agrees exactly with that of the linear harmonic oscillator, which is also confirmed by a semiclassical modified Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule, while the eigenfunctions are completely different.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, Fast Track Communicatio