On the valuation of economic goods

The presented study includes an analysis of the category of “good” on the basis of philosophy and economics. Particular attention was paid here to the factors determining the monetary value (price) of an economic good. While achieving the assumed objective of the research, answers to the following questions were sought: What is the difference, therefore, in the interpretation of good as an axiological category and good which economics deals with? What is the basis for the valuation of goods which are the subject of economic analysis? While seeking answers to these questions, an attempt was made to justify the thesis according to which contemporary understanding of the way the market valuates goods is limited to accepting the price understood as a variable representing a kind of relationship set in a given time period.Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship

On the Valuation of Economic Goods

The presented study includes an analysis of the category of ‘good’ on the basis of philosophy and economics. Particular attention was paid here to the factors determining the monetary value (price) of an economic good. While achieving the assumed objective of the research, answers to the following questions were sought: What is the difference, therefore, in the interpretation of good as an axiomatic category and good which the economy deals with? What is the basis for the valuation of goods which are the subject of economic analysis? While seeking answers to these questions, an attempt was made to justify the thesis according to which contemporary understanding of the way of valuating goods by the market is limited to accepting the price understood as a variable representing a kind of relationship set in a given time period

The institutional dimension of market failure

Motivation: At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, institutionalism was presented by T. Veblen as an alternative to neoclassical economics. On the basis of neoclassical economics, in addition to the explanation how an effectively functioning market leads to maximization of welfare, we also find a market failure analysis. The main theme of the presented study is an attempt to synthesize these concepts, in particular to show how the institutional approach modifies the perception of the market failure.Aim: The aim of the article is to analyze the market failure on the basis of institutional economics. In addition, an attempt was made to determine how institutional solutions can result in limiting certain types of market failure.Results: In the light of the analysis carried out, the analysis of market failure based on Veblen’s institutionalism is not justified. However, the relation between the New Institutional Economics and the neoclassical interpretation of market failure can be noticed, mainly, when it comes to explaining the reasons for the existence of markets and the methods used to counteract external effects

Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma : metabolic and anatomical features in 18FDG-PET/CT and response to therapy

Aim of the study : Determining the role of PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of treatment efficacy in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL). Material and methods : Retrospective analysis of seven PMBCL patients, treated at the University Hospital in Krakow, with interim PET/CT after the third course of chemo-immunotherapy. The analysis was based on the calculation of exact tumour volume and metabolic activity, compared with initial values (directly after diagnosis). Results: Patients (five females, two males, average age 26.2 years, range 18–40 years), in clinical stage IIBX at diagnosis, were treated with eight cycles of R-CHOP-14 regimen, with radiotherapy consolidation (7/7) and central nervous system prophylaxis (6/7). The observed decrease in tumour volume between the initial staging and the interim PET ranged 72–89%. The mean ∆SUV max reduction between initial (when available) and interim PET was 87% (range 84–89%). In 3/7 cases in the interim PET/CT, the uptake of the tumour was higher than the liver (Deauville Criteria score 4–5), and in 4/7 it was lower than the liver but higher than mediastinal blood pool structures (score 3 according to Deauville Criteria). After a median follow-up of 58 months – OS and EFS is 100%. Conclusions: The excellent clinical outcome in the study group corresponds with very good metabolic and volumetric response in the interim PET. The ∆SUV max seems to be easier in implementation and has a more significant impact than other measurements

Radioimmunotherapy for lymphoma : analysis of clinical trials and treatment algorithms

Ibritumomab, an 90Yttrium (90Y) labelled radioimmunoconjugate, is registered in Europe to treat follicular lymphomas. Its mode of action combines the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the efficiency of radiotherapy, making it a unique and useful therapeutic agent. This paper is for haemato-oncologists with a decent practice in lymphoma therapy, who have not yet used ibritumomab themselves. It summarizes clinical trials with radioimmunotherapy, indicating clinical situations where it may be specifically useful

Radioimmunotherapy for lymphoma - analysis of clinical trials and treatment algorithms

Ibritumomab, an 90Yttrium (90Y) labelled radioimmunoconjugate, is registered in Europe to treat follicular lymphomas. Its mode of action combines the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the efficiency of radiotherapy, making it a unique and useful therapeutic agent. This paper is for haemato-oncologists with a decent practice in lymphoma therapy, who have not yet used ibritumomab themselves. It summarizes clinical trials with radioimmunotherapy, indicating clinical situations where it may be specifically useful

Skuteczność liposomalnej cytarabiny w leczeniu pierwotnego i wtórnego zajęcia ośrodkowego układu nerwowego w przebiegu chłoniaków nieziarniczych – ocena retrospektywna pacjentów leczonych w Klinice Hematologii UJ CM

Intrathecally-administered liposomal cytarabine (DepoCyte – slow release formula) is an efficient way of treatment in primary and secondary central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Thirty-six patients with CNS lymphoma were analyzed. Median age was 48 years (18–73). There were 18 males and 18 females.In patients with lymphoma infiltrations circumscribed to cerebro-spinal fluid, intrathecal liposomal cytarabine alone allowed for 100% responses, with concomitant improvement of performance status (as assessed by Karnofsky score). None of the patients relapsed in CNS within an average observation time of 28 months.Intrathecal liposomal cytarabine combined with whole brain radiotherapy or/and CNS-penetrating chemotherapy allowed to obtain 85.7% cytological responses (90.9% in patients with primary CNS lymphoma): 50% CR and 28.6% PR. Patient's general status improved in 50% of patients.The treatment was well tolerated. Most of the associated adverse events (AE) were mild and moderate (grade 1–2 according to CTCAE); only 5.6% of AE were considered as severe. Headache was the most common complication; whereas cauda equina syndrome was considered as potentially the most dangerous condition. Transient cauda equina syndrome was observed in 1 patient (2.8% of all AEs)