Pratica della scrittura, grammatica della poesia. Prime annotazioni su un prezioso reperto lombardo della Scuola siciliana

Un petit recueil de poésies de l’École Sicilienne, transcrit à Bergame pendant les années soixante ou soixante-dix du XIIIe siècle, a été récemment découvert dans un parchemin notarié conservé à la Bibliothèque « A. Mai ». La précieuse trouvaille oblige à ré-examiner la question de la circulation et de la réception précoces des thèmes et des formes de la poésie courtoise sicilienne dans l’Italie du nord, vingt ans après la découverte d’un ancien fragment d’une poésie sicilienne caractérisée par des traits linguistiques typiques de la Vénétie orientale. Cet article constitue une première étude sur la langue de ces textes: son principal objectif est de préciser l’approche du copiste (qui était peut-être un notaire) face au nouveau code poétique, en donnant une description de la continuelle interaction entre la langue de la poésie, la langue vulgaire de Bergame (qui était la langue maternelle du copiste) et la gramatica universelle de la langue latine.A small anthology of poems of the Sicilian Poetic School, copied in Bergamo in the sixth or seventh decade of the 13th century, was recently discovered in a notarial parchment kept at the “A. Mai” Library. This precious discovery enables us to re-examine the question of the early circulation and reception of topics and forms of Sicilian courtly poetry in northern Italy, twenty years after the finding of an ancient fragment of a Sicilian poem marked by linguistic features of East Veneto. This paper is a preliminary study of the language of these texts: its main aim is to analyse the approach taken by the copyist (who is likely to have been a notary) to the new poetic code, giving a description of the constant interference/interaction between the poetic language, the vernacular of Bergamo (which was the mother tongue of the copyist) and the universal gramatica of the Latin language

Pratica della scrittura, grammatica della poesia. Prime annotazioni su un prezioso reperto lombardo della Scuola siciliana

Un petit recueil de poésies de l’École Sicilienne, transcrit à Bergame pendant les années soixante ou soixante-dix du XIIIe siècle, a été récemment découvert dans un parchemin notarié conservé à la Bibliothèque « A. Mai ». La précieuse trouvaille oblige à ré-examiner la question de la circulation et de la réception précoces des thèmes et des formes de la poésie courtoise sicilienne dans l’Italie du nord, vingt ans après la découverte d’un ancien fragment d’une poésie sicilienne caractérisée par des traits linguistiques typiques de la Vénétie orientale. Cet article constitue une première étude sur la langue de ces textes: son principal objectif est de préciser l’approche du copiste (qui était peut-être un notaire) face au nouveau code poétique, en donnant une description de la continuelle interaction entre la langue de la poésie, la langue vulgaire de Bergame (qui était la langue maternelle du copiste) et la gramatica universelle de la langue latine.A small anthology of poems of the Sicilian Poetic School, copied in Bergamo in the sixth or seventh decade of the 13th century, was recently discovered in a notarial parchment kept at the “A. Mai” Library. This precious discovery enables us to re-examine the question of the early circulation and reception of topics and forms of Sicilian courtly poetry in northern Italy, twenty years after the finding of an ancient fragment of a Sicilian poem marked by linguistic features of East Veneto. This paper is a preliminary study of the language of these texts: its main aim is to analyse the approach taken by the copyist (who is likely to have been a notary) to the new poetic code, giving a description of the constant interference/interaction between the poetic language, the vernacular of Bergamo (which was the mother tongue of the copyist) and the universal gramatica of the Latin language

Il gazel e il masan: ultime da San Marziale di Limoges

Dalle carte finali del ms. latin 5564 della Bibliothèque Nationale di Parigi, un recueil monastico proveniente dal fondo librario dell’abbazia di San Marziale di Limoges, è riemersa una traccia poetica primo duecentesca in volgare occitanico, consistente nel breve frammento di una versione alternativa del componimento provenzale Mei amic e mei fiel, ad oggi conosciuto per la sola testimonianza del ms. BNF, latin 1139. Tra le varianti sostanziali che caratterizzano i versi ritrovati rispetto al testimone noto, si registra la presenza della parola masan ‘rumore, confusione’ in luogo di gazel, il celebre hapax legomenon sul cui reale significato il nuovo tassello lessicale permette forse di fare luce.The manuscript Latin 5564 of the Bibliothèque Nationale of Paris is a monastic recueil belonged to the library of the Abbey of Saint Martial in Limoges. In the last leaves of this manuscript I found an early thirteenth-century transcription of few verses of the well-known Provençal religious poem Mei amic e mei fiel, also included in the ms. BnF, Latin 1139. Among the variants which characterize the recovered verses compared to the text of ms. latin 1139, the most important is the word masan ‘noise, confusion’, which replaces gazel, the famous and enigmatic hapax legomenon whose real meaning could be shown by the comparison with the meaning of masan

L'enigma di Quinsai

The study of the two chapters of the Devisement dou monde concerning the Chinese city of Quinsai, former capital of the Song Empire and a kind of Far Eastern Venice, is crucial to understand some important dynamics of the tradition of Marco Polo's book. Indeed the synoptic reading of these chapters in the redactions F, Z and R – the last two far richer of information than the first – seems to confirm an old, debated hypothesis: the one according to which the Latin redaction Z and Ramusio's Italian version (mostly deriving from a lost Z manuscript) would show traces of a rewriting of some parts of the book, in which some notes by Marco Polo, not used in the Franco-Italian text drafted in Genoa in 1298, would have been included

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Per un lessico europeo dell’identità medievale. Il caso della Chanson de Roland e del Devisement dou monde

Il contributo confronta le parole utilizzate per esprimere l'identità e l'alterità in opere appartenenti a due generi letterari diversi, la Chanson de Roland e il Devisement dou monde, rilevando i punti di contatto lessicali e motivandoli con ragioni interne al sistema rappresentativo interno a ciascuna opera. Nella costruzione di un lessico dell’identità e dell’alterità all’interno di un’opera è innanzitutto necessario stabilire dove passa e che cosa separa la linea che distingue le manifestazioni dell’identità e alterità, le parole che definiscono il sé e lo separano dall’altro. Le parole con un particolare valore identitario, infatti,costruiscono il soggetto, individuale o collettivo, all’interno di un testo. Il confine tra sé e l’altro è mobile e negoziabile; è sensibile al trascorrere del tempo e al mutare dell’oggetto della rappresentazione e delle circostanze storiche. Le parole e le strategie testuali che vengono usate per esprimere il sé e distinguerlo dall’altro, invece, sono spesso simili, possono coincidere in parte, o essere attivate da specifiche esigenze. In questa prospettiva l’analisi parallela e il confronto tra testi diversi e lontani come la Chanson de Roland e il Devisement dou monde di Marco Polo possono costituire un valido banco di prova

Rarità d’archivio: su alcuni frammenti manoscritti del Falconetto

Le carte del fondo notarile dell’Archivio Storico di Vercelli hanno recentemente restituito alcuni frammenti manoscritti del Falconetto, opera cavalleresca di materia carolingia piuttosto insolita per forma e contenuti rispetto alla tradizione coeva e nota fino a oggi soltanto per la testimonianza di un incunabolo stampato a Milano nel 1483. Alla luce del ritrovamento, l’autrice e l’autore del contributo ripercorrono il dibattito critico sulla questione della genesi, della forma metrica e della diffusione di questo eccentrico episodio della letteratura cavalleresca italiana; i risultati dei primi sondaggi ecdotici e linguistici sul testo del prezioso reperto, messo a confronto con quello della stampa, aprono interessanti prospettive di ricerca, che soltanto un auspicabile restauro delle carte consentirà di sondare compiutamente.Few fragments of a manuscript containing the text of the Falconetto, have been recently found in the Archivio Storico of Vercelli. The Falconetto is a chivalric Carolingian work, unusual both for its form and its content. As to now, the Falconetto was known only through an edition printed in Milan in 1483. In the present contribution, the authors reconstruct the scholarly debate about the origin, the metrics, and the circulation of this eccentric work of the chivalric Italian literature. The comparison of the two versions and its ecdotic and linguistic results open up to new interesting scenarios, to be further explored only once the restoration of the fragments will be achieved

Bernardino da Feltre predicatore. Il testimone A 13 dell’Archivio Provinciale dei Cappuccini Lombardi di Milano

L’articolo illustra i termini di una indagine in corso sui sermoni di Bernardino da Feltre, condotta a partire da un nuovo testimone manoscritto (Milano, Archivio Provinciale dei Cappuccini Lombardi, ms. A 13), anteriore di almeno un decennio ai due codici sui quali si fonda la monumentale edizione a stampa procurata da Carlo Varischi negli anni Sessanta del xx secolo. Il testimone presentato, di cui viene offerta una descrizione codicologica e la tavola completa dei 54 sermoni in esso contenuti, offre versioni alternative di molti dei sermoni già editi, riproponendo la questione della mouvance di questo genere di testi destinati alla performance orale, del pastiche linguistico che li caratterizza, delle modalità di trasmissione e rimaneggiamento da parte dei trascrittori-predicatori.The paper presents a new ongoing investigation on Bernardino from Feltre’s sermons, starting from a new manuscript (Milan, Archivio Provinciale dei Cappuccini Lombardi, ms. A 13) a decade earlier than the two manuscripts on which the majestic edition produced by Carlo Varischi in the 1960s is based. First of all, a codicological description of the manuscript is provided, as well as a complete list of the 54 sermons contained in it. Most of these sermons occur here in versions quite diferent from the already published ones: this fact again raises the issue of textual mouvance of the sermons, which were intended for oral performance, of their typical linguistic pastiche and of the modes of transmission and reworking due to the transcribers-preachers

Bernardino da Feltre predicatore. Il testimone A 13 dell’Archivio Provinciale dei Cappuccini Lombardi (Milano)

L’articolo illustra i termini di una indagine in corso sui sermoni di Bernardino da Feltre, condotta a partire da un nuovo testimone manoscritto (Milano, Archivio Provinciale dei Cappuccini Lombardi, ms. A 13), anteriore di almeno un decennio ai due codici sui quali si fonda la monumentale edizione a stampa procurata da Carlo Varischi negli anni Sessanta del xx secolo. Il testimone presentato, di cui viene offerta una descrizione codicologica e la tavola completa dei 54 sermoni in esso contenuti, offre versioni alternative di molti dei sermoni già editi, riproponendo la questione della mouvance di questo genere di testi destinati alla performance orale, del pastiche linguistico che li caratterizza, delle modalità di trasmissione e rimaneggiamento da parte dei trascrittori-predicatori.The paper presents a new ongoing investigation on Bernardino from Feltre’s sermons, starting from a new manuscript (Milan, Archivio Provinciale dei Cappuccini Lombardi, ms. A 13) a decade earlier than the two manuscripts on which the majestic edition produced by Carlo Varischi in the 1960s is based. First of all, a codicological description of the manuscript is provided, as well as a complete list of the 54 sermons contained in it. Most of these sermons occur here in versions quite diferent from the already published ones: this fact again raises the issue of textual mouvance of the sermons, which were intended for oral performance, of their typical linguistic pastiche and of the modes of transmission and reworking due to the transcribers-preachers

«E membre vos co·us trobei a Pavia». Affioramenti trobadorici nella biblioteca del Seminario Vescovile

This paper focuses on a parchment sheet from a lost troubadour songbook, recently discovered in the library of the Seminario of Pavia. Written at the end of 13th or at the beginning of 14th century, perhaps in an atelier of the northern Tyrrhenian area, it was subsequently reused to reinforce the cover of a 16h century printed book. The fragment, which was assigned the siglum Pv, contains the vidas and some poems of Guillem de Berguedan and Raimbaut d’Aurenga. Two remarkable lectures conveyed by Pv testify for its important role into the Venetian tradition ɛ of troubadour songbooks: the signature of Uc de Saint Circ in the text of Raimbaut d’Aurenga’s vida, and a verse of a sirventes by Guillem de Berguedan (BdT 210.19) which is unknown to any other manuscript containing this poem. Furthermore, the codicologic and palaeographic analysis and the study of the scripta and the decoration shows that Pv belonged to the same dismantled manuscript as two other chansonnier fragments separately discovered during the last century (m and m2)