Migration Profile MALI. 1.Structural Migration Profile 2. Flash Migration Profile (August - October 2016)

This publication reproduces the first new generation of Migration Profiles (on Mali). The Migration Profile aims of covering the current knowledge gaps on migration and development at regular, short intervals (3/6 months) and at a sub-national coverage, providing tailored and regular monitoring and ensuring comparability across countries. It links migration, development and humanitarian aspects as well as analyses on the EU strategic role vis-à-vis the third country, including its financial developmental and humanitarian aid support,to support the identification of relevant development priorities also in the short-medium term.JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

MIGRATION POLICY INDEXES

In the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, high attention is put on migration and in particular on “planned and well-managed migration policies” (SDG 10.7). To compare policies across time and space, robust well-conceived indexes to be able to measure and aggregate relevant indicators of these policies are needed [or something like this]. As one of the activities of the migration policies research line carried out by the EC Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography (KCMD), this technical report maps and analyses migration policy indexes, explaining their methodologies and accounting for their main findings. [I would define what policy indexes are, what they are supposed to measure, and then state what the report is aiming at] Recently, there have been several undertakings at systematically coding and comparing policies over time and across countries. A map of these initiatives will provide some clarity, allowing for a comparison and guidance for their use. Some of the research questions that will be addressed are ‘What databases are available for the analysis of migration policies in a given country?’, ‘What kind of policies are analysed?’, ‘How policies have been treated methodologically [not very clear]? The report is structured following two main policy areas, namely immigration (admission) and immigrant (integration) policies. A further distinction is on sector-specific indexes dealing exclusively with individual policy areas, e.g. asylum, or labour migration, and more recent comprehensive efforts to fully account for a wide spectrum of asylum and migration policies that are typically adopted by States [not clear]. This report is useful for the analysis and assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies and explanatory power of these indexes, but can also be of help to policy makers in analyzing individual countries’ migration management systems, to compare and evaluate the various policy initiatives that have been enacted in the past and which are still likely to have relevance for current migratory challenges. Added value of the study can be summarized as follows: • To provide clarity on several undertakings already developed • To allow for comparison and guidance for the use of the various indexes • To detect gaps and best practices in the methodologies • To produce a meta-database of policy indexes as a reference for quantitative analyses of policies • To interpret trends and changes in migration policies over time • To support analyses and historical comparisons of country’s overall migration management, or of specific policiesJRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

Regional Migration Governance in Africa: AU and RECs

This research provides an analysis of existing migration policies and policy architecture at the African continental level, as well as in the eight RECs, namely The Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), East African Community (EAC), Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Southern African Development Community (SADC), The Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD). The objectives of the analysis are to explore the multi-level migration governance in Africa and to draft the recent developments on the subject, especially linked to freedom of movements of persons within the continent. In line with the objectives, this research aims to answer the following questions: • Who are the key actors on regional migration governance in Africa, and how do they relate to each other? • Which are the migration legislation and policy initiatives of the African Union? • What are the legislative frameworks governing the freedom of movement of persons for each REC? • What are the main trends in policy development and what the assessment of current development?JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

EMN-KCMD Migration Country Factsheets: Statistical Annexes 2020 and how to read guide: Statistical annex based on 2019 data, complementing the 2020 issue of EMN-KCMD Country Factsheets

The Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography (KCMD) co-operates with the European Migration Network (EMN) for the first time this year in the 2020 edition of the Migration Country Factsheets covering the 27 EU Member States plus Norway. The Country Factsheet is made by a narrative section, divided into ten thematic areas, and a statistical annex, providing for each area relevant data and visualizations. EMN will publish the Factsheets on the following page: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/reports/factsheets_en The role of KCMD in the project is to produce the statistical annexes for the 27 EU Member States plus Norway.JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

Indirect hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice during chronic hepatitis C in an HIV-infected patient treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) and antiretroviral therapy (ART). The first reported case in Italy

Glecaprevir (GLE)/pibrentasvir (PIB) is a pangenotypic direct- acting antiviral regimen approved for treating chronic hepatitis C virus. Primary treatment and re-treatment with GLE/PIB are effective and safe for patients without decompensated liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C in a real-world clinical setting. However, in the context of compensated cirrhosis and concomitant adminis- tration of inhibitors of cytochromes, a careful monitoring of liver biomarkers, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), may be advisable during GLE/PIB therapy. The GLE / PIB combination is very effective and safe in achieving a sustained virological response, but it can be associated with the development of severe hepatic adverse events, which require virological and serum con- centration monitoring of the two drugs to prevent a serious liver damage. The possible onset of hyperbilirubinemia must not neces- sarily lead to the suspension of therapy, because the phenomenon may be transient. We report what is likely the first known case of severe jaundice after treatment with GLE/PIB in Italy in a patient with compensated chronic hepatitis in the context of HIV disease

Gaps and challenges in the knowledge of migration and demography: Proposals for new approaches and solutions

This report is the result of the research carried out under Task 5 of DG JRC's Task Force on Migration and Demography. The report is structured following the four pillars outlined in the European Agenda on Migration. A few additional chapters are included to cover some aspects not explicitly touched on in the Agenda, but still considered to have a relevant role in migration and an impact on demographic trends. Contributions answered the following questions: 1. What are main points/findings/debates concerning the priority area/sub-category allocated to you? 2. How does the information gathered in question 1 relate to the scope and the structure of the European Agenda on Migration? 3. What current information and data is available, who is producing it and how? 4. What and where are the main gaps and challenges? 5. What are the solutions or approaches to address these gaps and challenges based upon your research? To complement this review, two Annexes were created: the first being an overview of the main gaps and challenges as well as the suggested solutions for the whole report (Annex 1), and the second being a preliminary inventory of available migration data and data sources (Annex 2).JRC.E.6-Demography, Migration and Governanc

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treatment of Severe ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Infections: A Multicenter Nationwide Clinical Experience (CEFTABUSE II Study)

Background. Few data are reported in the literature about the outcome of patients with severe extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) infections treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in empiric or definitive therapy.Methods. A multicenter retrospective study was performed in Italy (June 2016-June 2019). Successful clinical outcome was defined as complete resolution of clinical signs/symptoms related to ESBL-E infection and lack of microbiological evidence of infection. The primary end point was to identify predictors of clinical failure of C/T therapy.Results. C/T treatment was documented in 153 patients: pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (n = 46, 30%), followed by 34 cases of complicated urinary tract infections (22.2%). Septic shock was observed in 42 (27.5%) patients. C/T was used as empiric therapy in 46 (30%) patients and as monotherapy in 127 (83%) patients. Favorable clinical outcome was observed in 128 (83.7%) patients; 25 patients were considered to have failed C/T therapy. Overall, 30-day mortality was reported for 15 (9.8%) patients. At multivariate analysis, Charlson comorbidity index >4 (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.5; P = .02), septic shock (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.8-7.9; P < .001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9-5.3; P = .001) were independently associated with clinical failure, whereas empiric therapy displaying in vitro activity (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34; P < .001) and adequate source control of infection (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14-0.55; P < .001) were associated with clinical success.Conclusions. Data show that C/T could be a valid option in empiric and/or targeted therapy in patients with severe infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of clinical failure with standard-dose C/T therapy in septic patients receiving CRRT

Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

BACKGROUND: Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .)

Local Voting Rights for Migrants: a Tool for Democracy and a Support for Integration

Saying that migration is in steady increase and that this produces new global challenges is not news anymore. Nor is the fact that migrants are undoubtedly needed for demographic and economic reasons, for our pensions and labour market shortages. It would be also predictable that well managed migration brings benefits to both the States of origin and of destination, as well as the migrant. The key element in every analysis on migration is another: migration is unavoidable and in a near future it will become a natural aspect of every society. The winning approach in ‘managing’ migration should therefore be directed to the creation of those conditions that encourage the natural development of a plural society, rather than focus on containment aspects. It is also true that in public debate the emphasis on integration has recently increased, yet a sort of bipolarism is traceable between the concept from a sociological point of view and the integration policies promoted by the States. Thus, integration courses and programmes – that nowadays cover sometimes also pre-departure courses or become requirements for the legal entry – hide elements of closure rather than a support to inclusion. Looking at migrants as an integral part of the society would instead assume more durable policies. One of the policies that clearly promote this approach, as well as an active involvement of migrants, is the right to vote. Although the progressive enlargement of the electoral suffrage has become a political imperative in democratic history (Raskin, 1992), the opportunity to include the ‘new mass’ of immigrants into the political arena has not found a unanimous application. The heated debate on this topic is based on different attitudes toward political inclusion, which in any case remains one of the strongholds of the State’s sovereignty. On the one side, voting rights are by many constitutions restricted to citizens only and are considered the last step of a successful integration. On the other side, voting rights are increasingly requested in the name of democratic principles of participation and legitimacy and as a tool for integration. Two conflicting views, fundamentally two research questions: are voting rights requested or in contrast with democratic principles? Are they part or the end of the integration process? A third key element to enter in the entangled discussion is the level of political inclusion for migrants, whether at national or local one. How far can their political inclusion be promoted? The study is divided into three parts, using an approach that starts from a theoretical perspective (Part I) and leads to analytical considerations (Part II) and finally to empirical evidences (Part III). Oddly enough, only few have focused on this controversial topic, especially in the European context. This research has the ambition of providing a comprehensive analysis of local voting right policies, while supporting the thesis that political inclusion 3 at a local level is normatively suitable for democracy and practically valuable as a way to promote integration. I argue that the exclusion of non-citizens from the local ballot is not beneficial for democracy, and a missing opportunity to create a favourable setting for integration. Given the multidimensionality and complexity of the topic at stake - which involves concepts such as citizenship, integration, democracy, and political participation - I attempt not to confine the research to a single lens of analysis. I therefore sought to generate a dialogue between the normative level related to the theories of citizenship and the sociology of migration, coupled with empirical analysis and statistical evidences.Saying that migration is in steady increase and that this produces new global challenges is not news anymore. Nor is the fact that migrants are undoubtedly needed for demographic and economic reasons, for our pensions and labour market shortages. It would be also predictable that well managed migration brings benefits to both the States of origin and of destination, as well as the migrant. The key element in every analysis on migration is another: migration is unavoidable and in a near future it will become a natural aspect of every society. The winning approach in ‘managing’ migration should therefore be directed to the creation of those conditions that encourage the natural development of a plural society, rather than focus on containment aspects. It is also true that in public debate the emphasis on integration has recently increased, yet a sort of bipolarism is traceable between the concept from a sociological point of view and the integration policies promoted by the States. Thus, integration courses and programmes – that nowadays cover sometimes also pre-departure courses or become requirements for the legal entry – hide elements of closure rather than a support to inclusion. Looking at migrants as an integral part of the society would instead assume more durable policies. One of the policies that clearly promote this approach, as well as an active involvement of migrants, is the right to vote. Although the progressive enlargement of the electoral suffrage has become a political imperative in democratic history (Raskin, 1992), the opportunity to include the ‘new mass’ of immigrants into the political arena has not found a unanimous application. The heated debate on this topic is based on different attitudes toward political inclusion, which in any case remains one of the strongholds of the State’s sovereignty. On the one side, voting rights are by many constitutions restricted to citizens only and are considered the last step of a successful integration. On the other side, voting rights are increasingly requested in the name of democratic principles of participation and legitimacy and as a tool for integration. Two conflicting views, fundamentally two research questions: are voting rights requested or in contrast with democratic principles? Are they part or the end of the integration process? A third key element to enter in the entangled discussion is the level of political inclusion for migrants, whether at national or local one. How far can their political inclusion be promoted? The study is divided into three parts, using an approach that starts from a theoretical perspective (Part I) and leads to analytical considerations (Part II) and finally to empirical evidences (Part III). Oddly enough, only few have focused on this controversial topic, especially in the European context. This research has the ambition of providing a comprehensive analysis of local voting right policies, while supporting the thesis that political inclusion 3 at a local level is normatively suitable for democracy and practically valuable as a way to promote integration. I argue that the exclusion of non-citizens from the local ballot is not beneficial for democracy, and a missing opportunity to create a favourable setting for integration. Given the multidimensionality and complexity of the topic at stake - which involves concepts such as citizenship, integration, democracy, and political participation - I attempt not to confine the research to a single lens of analysis. I therefore sought to generate a dialogue between the normative level related to the theories of citizenship and the sociology of migration, coupled with empirical analysis and statistical evidences.LUISS PhD Thesi