Estudo retrospectivo radiográfico das fraturas de pelve em cães

Fraturas de pelve somam de 20 a 30% da casuística de fraturas em cães, sendo em sua maioria causada por trauma contuso secundário a acidentes automobilísticos. Dentre as principais regiões afetadas pelo trauma pélvico, o púbis e o ílio são os mais comuns, porém, existem diversas combinações possíveis que podem se formar. A divisão da pelve em regiões (arco de sustentação do peso, assoalho pélvico, margem pélvica e corpo do ísquio) contribui para o diagnóstico preciso das áreas afetadas e para a decisão do tratamento conservativo e cirúrgico. O arco de sustentação do peso, quando afetado, exige na grande maioria das vezes tratamento cirúrgico devido a sua importância na manutenção do formato anatômico da pelve e biomecânica, portanto fraturas que acometem esta região devem ser corretamente identificadas para melhor prognóstico do paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as fraturas e combinações mais comuns encontradas nos pacientes caninos atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os exames radiográficos foram avaliados e as fraturas foram divididas entre arco de sustentação do peso (corpo do ílio, luxação sacroilíaca e acetábulo), assoalho pélvico (púbis, ramo e tábua do ísquio e separação da sínfise púbica), margem pélvica (pécten do púbis, tuberosidade do ísquio e asa do ílio) e corpo do ísquio. A fratura mais comum foi a de púbis, com 84 dos 101 pacientes sofrendo esse tipo, seguido da corpo do ílio (56/101) e luxação sacroilíaca (53/101). A combinação mais frequente foi a fratura de púbis sem outra associada, sendo encontrada em seis pacientes, seguida da luxação sacroilíaca unilateral com fratura do púbis, separação da sínfise púbica e fratura do corpo do ísquio unilateral encontrada em quatro pacientes, depois, em três pacientes cada, corpo do ílio unilateral associada a fratura do púbis e corpo do ísquio unilateral, fratura do corpo do ílio unilateral associada a fratura do púbis e por último luxação sacroilíaca unilateral associada a fratura do púbis.Pelvic fractures account for 20 to 30% of the fractures in dogs, mostly caused by blunt force trauma secondary to road side accidents. Among the main regions affected by pelvic trauma, the pubis and the illium are the most common ones, however there are several possible combinations that can occur. Pelvic division in regions (weight bearing arch, pelvic floor, pelvic margin and ischium body) contributes to the accurate diagnosis of the affected areas and to the conservative and surgical treatment decision. When affected, the weight bearing arch most often requires surgical treatment due to its importance on maintaining the anatomic shape of the pelvis and the biomechanics, therefore fractures that affect this area must be correctly identified for better patient prognosis. The purpose of this study is to identify the fractures and most common combinations found on canine patients attended on the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. The radiographic exams were evaluated and the fractures were divided between weight bearing arch (illiac body, sacroilliac luxation and acetabulum), pelvic floor (pubis, ramus and table of the ischium and pelvic symphysis separation), pelvic margin (pubic pecten, ischial tuberosity and illium wing) and ischium body. The pubis fracture was the most common one, with 84 of 101 patients, followed by the illiac body (56/101) and sacroilliac luxation (53/101). Observed in six patients, the pubis fracture without any other fracture was the most frequent combination, followed by unilateral sacroilliac luxation with pubis fracture, pelvic symphysis separation and fracture of the unilateral ischium body, found in four patients. Then, in three patients each, unilateral illium body associated with pubis fracture and unilateral ischium body, unilateral illium body fracture associated with pubis fracture, and finally unilateral sacroilliac luxation associated with pubis fracture

Signaling in Posted Price Auctions

We study single-item single-unit Bayesian posted price auctions, where buyers arrive sequentially and their valuations for the item being sold depend on a random, unknown state of nature. The seller has complete knowledge of the actual state and can send signals to the buyers so as to disclose information about it. For instance, the state of nature may reflect the condition and/or some particular features of the item, which are known to the seller only. The problem faced by the seller is about how to partially disclose information about the state so as to maximize revenue. Unlike classical signaling problems, in this setting, the seller must also correlate the signals being sent to the buyers with some price proposals for them. This introduces additional challenges compared to standard settings. We consider two cases: the one where the seller can only send signals publicly visible to all buyers, and the case in which the seller can privately send a different signal to each buyer. As a first step, we prove that, in both settings, the problem of maximizing the seller's revenue does not admit an FPTAS unless P=NP, even for basic instances with a single buyer. As a result, in the rest of the paper, we focus on designing PTASs. In order to do so, we first introduce a unifying framework encompassing both public and private signaling, whose core result is a decomposition lemma that allows focusing on a finite set of possible buyers' posteriors. This forms the basis on which our PTASs are developed. In particular, in the public signaling setting, our PTAS employs some ad hoc techniques based on linear programming, while our PTAS for the private setting relies on the ellipsoid method to solve an exponentially-sized LP in polynomial time. In the latter case, we need a custom approximate separation oracle, which we implement with a dynamic programming approach

Election Manipulation on Social Networks: Seeding, Edge Removal, Edge Addition

We focus on the election manipulation problem through social influence, where a manipulator exploits a social network to make her most preferred candidate win an election. Influence is due to information in favor of and/or against one or multiple candidates, sent by seeds and spreading through the network according to the independent cascade model. We provide a comprehensive study of the election control problem, investigating two forms of manipulations: seeding to buy influencers given a social network, and removing or adding edges in the social network given the seeds and the information sent. In particular, we study a wide range of cases distinguishing for the number of candidates or the kind of information spread over the network. Our main result is positive for democracy, and it shows that the election manipulation problem is not affordable in the worst-case except for trivial classes of instances, even when one accepts to approximate the margin of victory. In the case of seeding, we also show that the manipulation is hard even if the graph is a line and that a large class of algorithms, including most of the approaches recently adopted for social-influence problems, fail to compute a bounded approximation even on elementary networks, as undirected graphs with every node having a degree at most two or directed trees. In the case of edge removal or addition, our hardness results also apply to the basic case of social influence maximization/minimization. In contrast, the hardness of election manipulation holds even when the manipulator has an unlimited budget, being allowed to remove or add an arbitrary number of edges.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1902.0377

Acute Respiratory Distress in Patient with Laryngeal Schwannoma

Schwannoma is a neurogenic benign tumour arising from the proliferation of Schwann cells present in the peripheral nerve sheath of myelinated nerves. This proliferation can hypothetically appear in every anatomic region of the human body, but the nerve sheath tumors rarely occur within the larynx. In this paper the authors discuss the case of a 74-year-old female who presented to Emergency Unit (EU) for an important acute respiratory distress. Airway flexible endoscopy revealed a bulky mass of the aryepiglottic fold measuring 3.5 cm in diameter. The patient underwent tracheotomy and a single-step surgical excision treatment of the mass which was recognized as a schwannoma at pathological examination. Tracheotomy was closed 2 weeks postoperatively. After 18 months of followup, the patient is alive and free of disease and her voice had improved markedly

Introduction Special Issue JEDC Crises and Complexity

In November 2011 an EU FP7 interdisciplinary collaborative project Complexity Research Initiative for Systemic InstabilitieS (CRISIS) started to develop a complexity interactions agent-based model for the European financial-economic crisis. This special issue on Crises and Complexity reflects some of the ongoing work of this interdisciplinary collaboration between economists, physicists, computer scientists, etc. that has been presented and discussed at various CRISIS workshops in Milan, London, Paris and Leiden throughout 2012-2014

Virtual biopsy in prostate cancer: can machine learning distinguish low and high aggressive tumors on MRI?

In the last decades, MRI was proven a useful tool for the diagnosis and characterization of Prostate Cancer (PCa). In the literature, many studies focused on characterizing PCa aggressiveness, but a few have distinguished between low-aggressive (Gleason Grade Group (GG) =3) PCas based on biparametric MRI (bpMRI). In this study, 108 PCas were collected from two different centers and were divided into training, testing, and validation set. From Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) map and T2-Weighted Image (T2WI), we extracted texture features, both 3D and 2D, and we implemented three different methods of Feature Selection (FS): Minimum Redundance Maximum Relevance (MRMR), Affinity Propagation (AP), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). From the resulting subsets of predictors, we trained Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, and Ensemble Learning classifiers on the training set, and we evaluated their prediction ability on the testing set. Then, for each FS method, we chose the best classifier, based on both training and testing performances, and we further assessed their generalization capability on the validation set. Between the three best models, a Decision Tree was trained using only two features extracted from the ADC map and selected by MRMR, achieving, on the validation set, an Area Under the ROC (AUC) equal to 81%, with sensitivity and specificity of 77% and 93%, respectively.Clinical Relevance- Our best model demonstrated to be able to distinguish low-aggressive from high-aggressive PCas with high accuracy. Potentially, this approach could help clinician to noninvasively distinguish between PCas that might need active treatment and those that could potentially benefit from active surveillance, avoiding biopsy-related complications

Impact of a natural versus commercial enteral-feeding on the occurrence of diarrhea in critically ill cardiac surgery patients. A retrospective cohort study

Diarrhea is an important complication in critically ill patients undergoing enteral feeding. The occurrence of diarrhea may lead to systemic and local complications and negatively impacts on nursing workload and patient's wellbeing. An enteral feeding based on blenderized natural food could be beneficial in reducing the risk of diarrhea. No study has compared natural and commercial enteral feedings in critically ill cardiac surgery patients

Mice with reduced expression of the telomere-associated protein Ft1 develop p53-sensitive progeroid traits

Human AKTIP and mouse Ft1 are orthologous ubiquitin E2 variant proteins involved in telomere maintenance and DNA replication. AKTIP also interacts with A- and B-type lamins. These features suggest that Ft1 may be implicated in aging regulatory pathways. Here, we show that cells derived from hypomorph Ft1 mutant (Ft1kof/kof ) mice exhibit telomeric defects and that Ft1kof/kof animals develop progeroid traits, including impaired growth, skeletal and skin defects, abnormal heart tissue, and sterility. We also demonstrate a genetic interaction between Ft1 and p53. The analysis of mice carrying mutations in both Ft1 and p53 (Ft1kof/kof ; p53ko/ko and Ft1kof/kof ; p53+/ko ) showed that reduction in p53 rescues the progeroid traits of Ft1 mutants, suggesting that they are at least in part caused by a p53-dependent DNA damage response. Conversely, Ft1 reduction alters lymphomagenesis in p53 mutant mice. These results identify Ft1 as a new player in the aging process and open the way to the analysis of its interactions with other progeria genes using the mouse model