1,933 research outputs found

    Black (or) Italians? The Construction of Blackness in Italian Context - Past and Present

    Get PDF
    Black (or) Italians? The Construction of Blackness in the Italian Context – Past and Present. In the last 30 years Italy experienced relevant changes due to its new configuration as a postcolonial country and land of transnational migrations, without ceasing to be an emigration country. From the official end of Italian colonialism and, later, from the Berlin Wall fell, the seas around Italy no longer constitute insuperable barriers but rather borders that are continously crossed. The arrival, the transition or the stable settlement of people coming from the Global South, the daily deaths in the Mediterranean Sea, the increasing presence of the so-called “second generations of migration” and the consequent social and demographic changes force Italy to deal with its postcolonial and, as Cristina Lombardi-Diop proposed, postracial status. The new social balances created by migration flows and the increasingly presence of Afroitalians have two simultaneous effects: on one hand they are re-defining the concepts of “being Italian” and of national belonging; on the other hand they are revealing that the racial identity of the Italians has been built up as uniformly white, with the consequent foreclosure of people who are not included in this “chromatic norm”. In this paper I focus on the construction processes of blackness in the frame of Italian historical and geopolitical context. Connecting the postcolonial present with the colonial past, I examine how the definition of the concept of blackness has been influenced by specific social phenomena linked to specific historical periods (as colonialism, migrations etc). I analyze both the representations of blackness in today’s Italy and how the common idea that “black Italian” is an oxymoron is increasingly challenged by the “second generations”

    Ri-posizionare lo sguardo. Rappresentazioni di razza e genere nell'immaginario coloniale e (contro)visuale italiano

    Get PDF
    Il lavoro, dal titolo “Ri-posizionare lo sguardo. Rappresentazioni di razza e genere nell’immaginario coloniale e (contro)visuale italiano”, indaga l’intersezione del genere e della razza nelle rappresentazioni visuali delle donne nere nell’Italia contemporanea, in relazione con la costruzione coloniale dell’immaginario relativo alla nerezza femminile, nonché le contro-rappresentazioni proposte da giovani artiste italiane afrodiscendenti. Il lavoro risulta suddiviso in tre capitoli: 1. Il primo capitolo è costituito da una disanima della nascita ed evoluzione del concetto di “razza” in prospettiva storica: a partire dai primi processi di razzializzazione nel contesto della colonizzazione dell’America, viene ricostruito il percorso diacronico che il concetto di “razza” ha compiuto, evidenziandone, da una prospettiva intersezionale, la relazione con lo sviluppo capitalistico, con il colonialismo e con l’imperialismo e ponendo in luce la funzione predominante che esso ha svolto nella definizione delle identità nazionali occidentali (primo paragrafo). Viene inoltre tracciata una panoramica sul dibattito e la produzione teorica relativa a razza e razzismo dai primissimi anni Novanta a oggi, di cui vengono evidenziate differenti fasi in relazione non solo ai cambiamenti sociali connessi con le migrazioni ma anche agli impulsi teorici provenienti da altri Paesi (secondo paragrafo); 2. nel secondo capitolo viene articolata l’analisi delle fonti visuali selezionate: dopo una presentazione degli studi sulla cultura visuale da un punto di vista teorico e metodologico (primo paragrafo), vengono prese in esame le rappresentazioni delle donne nere nelle pubblicità italiane negli ultimi trent’anni. In particolare, costituisce oggetto di analisi una selezione di immagini pubblicitarie di caffè e cioccolato - prodotte da marchi quali, tra gli altri, Magnum, Universal e Lavazza - nelle quali viene esplorata non solo la riproposizione di un immaginario coloniale ma anche il modo in cui la razzializzazione del corpo femminile nero sia funzionale o alla sua ipersessualizzazione e identificazione con il prodotto stesso o alla riaffermazione per contrasto del carattere normativo della bianchezza. Tale analisi pone in luce, inoltre, lo stretto legame tra razza, genere, sessualità, politiche del gusto e consumo nella strutturazione di un preciso ordine sociale bianco, maschile ed eteronormativo (secondo paragrafo). Infine vengono presi in esame due casi di studio relativi a fatti di cronaca avvenuti in Italia nel 2017 e 2018 e che hanno avuto per protagoniste due donne migranti. Di tali episodi viene esplorata la rappresentazione delle due donne nella narrazione visuale mainstream sia tramite fotografie utilizzate dalla stampa sia tramite vignette. Della narrazione che emerge da tali fonti viene posta in luce la negazione dell’agency delle donne rappresentate e la riproposizione di processi di vittimizzazione e stereotipizzazione, nonché la funzione di dispositivo di potere svolta dallo sguardo e dall’osservazione (terzo paragrafo). 3. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato all’analisi delle rappresentazioni contro-visuali che artiste italiane afrodiscendenti oppongono all’immaginario dominante, riappropriandosi della narrazione delle proprie identità. Il primo paragrafo è dedicato al paradigma dell’afrofuturismo femminista che, declinato nel contesto italiano, trova espressione nella musica della cantante e beatmaker Karima 2G, italiana di origini liberiane. Il secondo paragrafo si focalizza sulla produzione artistica della graphic-novelist Takoua Ben Mohamed, italiana di origini tunisine, che, nelle proprie strisce a fumetti e nelle due graphic novel pubblicate, ribalta gli stereotipi relativi alle donne non bianche e musulmane e racconta un nuovo modo di concepire l’identità italiana, non necessariamente bianca e sicuramente non uniforme. In entrambi i casi le analisi dei significati di cui le produzioni artistiche sono portatrici vengono condotte in relazione alle testimonianze e alle riflessioni delle artiste intervistate. Il lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di rintracciare le eredità del colonialismo – inteso non solo come fenomeno storico e politico ma anche come sistema di simboli, ideologie, immaginari che ha plasmato l’ordine sociale, politico e culturale contemporaneo – nelle rappresentazioni visuali proprie di quei prodotti culturali, come ad esempio le pubblicità, che raggiungono il pubblico di massa e la cui importanza è data dalla loro presenza costante, quotidiana e apparentemente neutra nelle vite di ognuna/o. Ulteriore obiettivo è infatti quello di esplorare la visualità come campo di riaffermazione del “regime scopico della razza” e come canale di sedimentazione di stereotipi razzisti e sessisti. Infine, l’elaborato intende mostrare le espressioni di contro-visualità con le quali giovani donne italiane afrodiscendenti prendono parola con la propria arte su tematiche quali il razzismo, i pregiudizi, la cittadinanza, l’identità e, opponendosi alla tendenza che le rende oggetto di osservazione e definizione, si riappropriano dello sguardo e della propria rappresentazione

    Amoreno Martellini, Morire di pace. L’eccidio di Kindu nell’Italia del « miracolo »

    Get PDF
    Il dibattito circa le relazioni tra Italia e Africa si arricchisce del contributo di Amoreno Martellini che, con il suo ultimo volume, propone un’analisi dell’eccidio di Kindu (Congo, 1961), durante il quale tredici soldati italiani furono uccisi da militari congolesi nel corso della missione di pace Onu, finalizzata ad arginare la guerra civile scoppiata dopo la proclamazione dell’indipendenza dal Belgio. Obiettivo dell’autore è analizzare la ricezio..

    Narrare la città, narrare la violenza: il Convegno internazionale «Bad Cities. Literature and Urban Violence»(Roma, 3-4 giugno 2019)

    Get PDF
    Il 3 e il 4 giugno 2019 si è svolto presso la Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia della Sapienza – Università di Roma il convegno internazionale dal titolo “Bad Cities. Literature and Urban Violence”. Attraverso i contributi di studiosi e studiose italiane provenienti da atenei italiani ed esteri è stato possibile tracciare una panoramica complessa e composita del rapporto tra spazio urbano, violenza e narrazione, facendo emergere gli strettissimi legami e la reciproca influenza tra realtà e fiction

    Changes in the microsomal proteome of tomato fruit during ripening

    Get PDF
    The variations in the membrane proteome of tomato fruit pericarp during ripening have been investigated by mass spectrometry-based label-free proteomics. Mature green (MG30) and red ripe (R45) stages were chosen because they are pivotal in the ripening process: MG30 corresponds to the end of cellular expansion, when fruit growth has stopped and fruit starts ripening, whereas R45 corresponds to the mature fruit. Protein patterns were markedly different: among the 1315 proteins identified with at least two unique peptides, 145 significantly varied in abundance in the process of fruit ripening. The subcellular and biochemical fractionation resulted in GO term enrichment for organelle proteins in our dataset, and allowed the detection of low-abundance proteins that were not detected in previous proteomic studies on tomato fruits. Functional annotation showed that the largest proportion of identified proteins were involved in cell wall metabolism, vesicle-mediated transport, hormone biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, carbohydrate metabolic processes, signalling and response to stress

    Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition: a double-edged sword

    Get PDF
    Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process necessary to normal embryologic development. However in genesis of pathological situations, this transition can be perverted and signaling pathways have different regulations from those of normal physiology. In cancer invasion, such a mechanism leads to generation of circulating tumor cells. Epithelial cancer cells become motile mesenchymal cells able to shed from the primary tumor and enter in the blood circulation. This is the major part of the invasive way of cancer. EMT is also implicated in chronic diseases like fibrosis and particularly renal fibrosis. In adult organisms, healing is based on EMT which is beneficial to repair wounds even if it can sometimes exceed its goal and elicit fibrosis. In this review, we delineate the clinical significance of EMT in both physiological and pathological circumstances

    Modelling soil water conent in a tomato field: proximal gamma ray spectroscopy and soil-crop system models

    Get PDF
    Proximal soil sensors are taking hold in the understanding of soil hydrogeological processes involved in precision agriculture. In this context, permanently installed gamma ray spectroscopy stations represent one of the best space-time trade off methods at field scale. This study proved the feasibility and reliability of soil water content monitoring through a seven-month continuous acquisition of terrestrial gamma radiation in a tomato test field. By employing a 1 L sodium iodide detector placed at a height of 2.25 m, we investigated the gamma signal coming from an area having a ~25 m radius and from a depth of approximately 30 cm. Experimental values, inferred after a calibration measurement and corrected for the presence of biomass, were corroborated with gravimetric data acquired under different soil moisture conditions, giving an average absolute discrepancy of about 2%. A quantitative comparison was carried out with data simulated by AquaCrop, CRITeRIA, and IRRINET soil-crop system models. The different goodness of fit obtained in bare soil condition and during the vegetated period highlighted that CRITeRIA showed the best agreement with the experimental data over the entire data-taking period while, in presence of the tomato crop, IRRINET provided the best results.Comment: 18 pages, 9 Figures, 3 Table

    Numerical models of mass transfer during ripening and storage of salami

    Get PDF
    Ripening, in the dry sausages manufacturing process, has an influence over the main physical, chemical and microbiological transformations that take place inside these products and that define the final organoleptic properties of dry sausages. A number of study about the influence of ripening conditions on the main chemical and microbiological characteristics of dry sausages is available today. All these studies indicate that the final quality and safety standards achieved by the sausage manufacturing process can be considered to be strictly dependent from the specific ripening conditions. The water diffusion inside a seasoned sausage is surely an aspect of primary importance with regard to the quality of final product. As a consequence the aim of this research was to develop two parametric numerical models, concerning the moisture diffusion physics, describing salami ripening and storage. Mass transfer equations inside the sausage volume were numerically solved using a finite element technique. A first model describes diffusion phenomena occurring inside the salami and the exchange phenomena involving the surface of the product and the environment. After the ripening, the salami are stored in waterproof packaging, consequently an additional model able to describe also the evaporation and condensation phenomena occurring between the salami surface and the air in the package, was developed. The moisture equilibrium between salami surface and conservation atmosphere is mainly ruled by the temperature changes during storage. Both models allow to analyze the history of the moisture content inside the salami and are parametrised on product size and maturation/storage conditions. The models were experimentally validated, comparing the numerical outputs of the simulations with experimental data, showing a good agreement

    Essential (Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in predatory insects (Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina): a molecular perspective

    Get PDF
    The recent introduction of the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina, into Europe has raised concern regarding the threat to honeybees and the competition with the European hornet, Vespa crabro. The aim of this study was to investigated essential (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in these two species. Element concentrations were determined in the whole body and separately in the head, thorax and abdomen using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The changes in essential element concentration and speciation during metamorphosis were also studied using gel filtration chromatography followed by AAS and proteomic analysis. In both species, the essential elements were more concentrated in the abdomen due to the presence of fat bodies. Magnesium, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in V. crabro than in V. velutina and could have been related to a higher aerobic energy demand of the former species required to sustain foraging flight at higher speeds and to cover longer distances. Low concentrations of Cd and Pb were indicative of low environmental exposure. The concentration and speciation of essential elements, particularly Fe, varied among the developmental stages, indicating a modification of ligand preferences during metamorphosis. Overall, the results in the present study provide a better understanding of the hornet metal metabolism and a foundation for additional studies

    The Digital Living Archive and the construction of a participatory cultural memory in the DARE-UIA project (Digital Environment for collaborative Alliances to Regenerate urban Ecosystems in middle-sized cities)

    Get PDF
    Living Archives perform a function of social memory sharing, which contributes to building social bonds, communities, and identities. This potential lays in the ability of Living Archives to put together an archival function, which allows with the conservation and transmission of memory, with an artistic, performative and creative function linked to the present. As part of the DARE-UIA (Digital environment for colaborative alliances to regenerate urban ecosystem in middle-sized cities) project, the creation of a living digital archive made possible to create a narrative that would consolidate the cultural memory of the Darsena district of the city of Ravenna. The aim of the project is to stimulate the urban regeneration of a suburban area of a city, enhancing its cultural memory and identity heritage, through digital heritage tools. The methodology used involves various digital storytelling actions necessary for the overall narrative using georeferencing systems (GIS), storymaps and 3D reconstructions for a transversal narration of historical content such as personal and institutional historical photos and to enhance the industrial archeology heritage of the neighborhood. The aim is the creation of an interactive and replicable narrative in similar contexts to the Darsena district in Ravenna. The Living Archive, in which all the digital contents are inserted, finds its manifestation towards the outside with the form of a museum spread throughout the neighborhood, making the contents usable on smartphones via QR codes and totems inserted on-site, creating thematic itineraries spread around the neighborhood. The construction of an interactive and engaging digital narrative has made possible to enhance the material and immaterial heritage of the neighborhood by recreating the community that has historically always distinguished it
    • …
    corecore