The Widening Panorama of India’s Space Diplomacy

5-7Space diplomacy is an acme of modern technology-profuse international relations

On the occurrence of two species of striped Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Mizoram, India

The occurrence of 2 ichthyophiid caecilians, Ichthyophis khumzhi Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower & Biju, 2009 and Ichthyophis moustakius Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower & Biju, 2009 in the state of Mizoram in northeast India is reported for the first time. These records significantly increase the known distribution range of these striped forms of Ichthyophis which were previously known only from their type localities in the state of Manipur

The Post-COVID-19 Era: Interdisciplinary Demands of Contagion Surveillance Mass Spectrometry for Future Pandemics

Mass spectrometry (MS) can become a potentially useful instrument type for aerosol, droplet and fomite (ADF) contagion surveillance in pandemic outbreaks, such as the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, this will require development of detection protocols and purposing of instrumentation for in situ environmental contagion surveillance. These approaches include: (1) enhancing biomarker detection by pattern recognition and machine learning; (2) the need for investigating viral degradation induced by environmental factors; (3) representing viral molecular data with multidimensional data transforms, such as van Krevelen diagrams, that can be repurposed to detect viable viruses in environmental samples; and (4) absorbing engineering attributes for developing contagion surveillance MS from those used for astrobiology and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) monitoring applications. Widespread deployment of such an MS-based contagion surveillance could help identify hot zones, create containment perimeters around them and assist in preventing the endemic-to-pandemic progression of contagious diseases

Life-Detection Technologies for the Next Two Decades

Since its inception six decades ago, astrobiology has diversified immensely to encompass several scientific questions including the origin and evolution of Terran life, the organic chemical composition of extraterrestrial objects, and the concept of habitability, among others. The detection of life beyond Earth forms the main goal of astrobiology, and a significant one for space exploration in general. This goal has galvanized and connected with other critical areas of investigation such as the analysis of meteorites and early Earth geological and biological systems, materials gathered by sample-return space missions, laboratory and computer simulations of extraterrestrial and early Earth environmental chemistry, astronomical remote sensing, and in-situ space exploration missions. Lately, scattered efforts are being undertaken towards the R&D of the novel and as-yet-space-unproven life-detection technologies capable of obtaining unambiguous evidence of extraterrestrial life, even if it is significantly different from Terran life. As the suite of space-proven payloads improves in breadth and sensitivity, this is an apt time to examine the progress and future of life-detection technologies.Comment: 6 pages, the white paper was submitted to and cited by the National Academy of Sciences in support of the Astrobiology Science Strategy for the Search for Life in the Univers

The organic composition of cometary nucleus, the COSAC experiment on Philae

Cette thèse constitue un travail novateur dans l’analyse in situ multi disciplinaire de la surface du noyau d’une comète réalisé à l’aide du “Cometary Sampling and Composition Experiment” (COSAC). COSAC est un chromatographe en phase gazeuse et un spectromètre de masse embarqué à bord du module d’atterrissage Philae de l’Agence Spatiale Européenne dans le cadre de la mission vers la comète 67P/Tchourioumov-Guérassimenko. La thèse aborde de façon globale trois campagnes expérimentales et analytiques toutes dirigées vers les objectifs de COSAC après son futur atterrissage sur 67P. La quatrième partie, qui est un travail géologique vise à identifier le cratère de Lonar comme analogue martien. La première des expériences mentionnée ci-dessus implique l’irradiation de valine racémique à l’aide de lumière polarisé circulairement (cpl) générée par synchrotron. Nous avons démontré pour la première fois qu’en changeant l’énergie de la cpl pour une hélicité donnée de 6,19 eV à 6,74 eV, le signe de la valeur de l’excès énantiomérique des acides aminés change (dans ce cas la valine). Dans une seconde partie, nous avons démontré pour la première fois la présence de carbone graphitique dans le tholin, un solide complexe et organique synthétisé à partir de l’irradiation de décharge de plasma d’un mélange de N2:CH4=9:1. Nous expliquons que la présence possible de graphite enrichi de matière organique de type tholin sur la surface de noyaux cométaires pourrait bien contribuer à leur faible albédo géométrique typique.This cumulative thesis forms a multi-disciplinary groundwork for the pioneering in situ organic analyses of a comet nuclei surface to be performed by the Cometary Sampling and Composition Experiment (COSAC). COSAC is a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer on board the Philae Lander probe of European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The thesis holistically addresses three myriad experimental and analytical campaigns all directing to the objectives of COSAC subsequent to its landing on 67P. The fourth original geological fieldwork directs to the identification of Lonar Crater as a Martian analogue. Our first of the above mentioned experiments involved irradiation of racemic valine with synchrotron-generated circular polarized light (cpl). We made a novel demonstration that changing the energy of a certain helicity of cpl from 6.19 eV to 6.74 eV switches the sign of the enantiomeric excess value of amino acids – in this case valine. The second experiment for the first time demonstrated the presence of graphitic carbon in tholin, a complex organic solid synthesized from plasma discharge irradiation of a mixture N2:CH4=9:1. We explain that the possible presence of graphite enriched tholin-like organic material on the surface of comet nuclei could well be contributing to their typical low geometric albedos. The third experiment was directed at performance evaluation of COSAC-MS carried out with its Flight Spare Model located at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research

On the occurrence of two species of striped Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Mizoram, India

The occurrence of 2 ichthyophiid caecilians, Ichthyophis khumzhi Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower & Biju, 2009 and Ichthyophis moustakius Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower & Biju, 2009 in the state of Mizoram in northeast India is reported for the first time. These records significantly increase the known distribution range of these striped forms of Ichthyophis which were previously known only from their type localities in the state of Manipur

Two new species of bent toed geckos, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Northeast India with comments on name-bearing types from the region

Agarwal, Ishan, Mahony, Stephen, Giri, Varad B., Chaitanya, R., Bauer, Aaron M. (2018): Two new species of bent toed geckos, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Northeast India with comments on name-bearing types from the region. Zootaxa 4420 (3): 334-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4420.3.