Estágio na Epagri - Fazenda Beira Mar: carcinicultura marinha

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura. Departamento de Aquicultura

Toxicidade de dois agroquímicos utilizados no cultivo de arroz irrigado em juvenis de Litopenaeus vannamei

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura

Análise econômica do robalo-comum, Centropomus undecimalis, cultivado em gaiolas flutuantes no Sul do Brasil

 The economic viability of common snook culture was evaluated from a simulated marine farm with 20 cages of 225m³, with a production cycle of two years, fish with a final weight of 500g and annual production of 45 tons. To scale the production costs, the effectve operating cost (EOC), total operating cost (TOC), total production cost (TPC) were considered.The indices for evaluating profitability were the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the Return on Capital (RC) and the Net Present Value (NPV). The TPC was USD $305,820 year-1, with USD$6.79 kg-1. Sensitivity analysis by the variation of the feed conversionrate (FCR) reinforces the importance of good production practices, such as adequate food management, use of balanced diets. The factors: juvenile price, feed cost and sales price, more dependent on the market, require a greater ability of the producer to apply commercial and marketing strategies to contain the production cost and avoid the reduction of the sales price. The high cost of installing culture structures and management equipment suggests projects with a minimum rate of attractiveness of 23%, minimum volume of 6,500m³, productivity of 20kg m-³, annual production of 65 tons, FCR below 1.6 and marketing price above USD$8.39 kg-1. A viabilidade econômica do cultivo do robalo-flecha foi avaliada a partir de uma fazenda marinha simulada com 20 tanques-rede de 225m³, com ciclo de produção de dois anos, peixes com peso final de 500g e produção anual de 45 toneladas. Os custos de produção considerados foram o custo operacional efetivo (COE), custo operacional total (COT), custo total de produção (CTP). Os índices para a avaliação da rentabilidade foram a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), o Retorno do Capital (RC) e o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL). O CTP foi de USD$305,820 ano-1, com USD$6.79 kg-1. A análise de sensibilidade pela variação da taxa de conversão alimentar (TCA) reforça a importância das boas práticas de produção, como o manejo alimentar adequado, uso de dietas balanceadas. Os fatores: preço dos juvenis, custo da ração e preço de venda, mais dependentes do mercado, necessitam de uma maior habilidade do produtor em aplicar estratégias comerciais e mercadológicas para conter o custo de produção e evitar a redução do preço de venda. O alto custo de instalação das estruturas de cultivo e equipamentos de manejo sugere projetos com taxa mínima de atratividade de 23$8,39 kg-1

Economic analysis of common snook, Centropomus undecimalis, cultured in floating cages in southern Brazil

 The economic viability of common snook culture was evaluated from a simulated marine farm with 20 cages of 225m³, with a production cycle of two years, fish with a final weight of 500g and annual production of 45 tons. To scale the production costs, the effectve operating cost (EOC), total operating cost (TOC), total production cost (TPC) were considered. The indices for evaluating profitability were the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the Return on Capital (RC) and the Net Present Value (NPV). The TPC was USD $305,820 year-1, with USD$6.79 kg-1. Sensitivity analysis by the variation of the feed conversion rate (FCR) reinforces the importance of good production practices, such as adequate food management, use of balanced diets. The factors: juvenile price, feed cost and sales price, more dependent on the market, require a greater ability of the producer to apply commercial and marketing strategies to contain the production cost and avoid the reduction of the sales price. The high cost of installing culture structures and management equipment suggests projects with a minimum rate of attractiveness of 23%, minimum volume of 6,500m³, productivity of 20kg m-³, annual production of 65 tons, FCR below 1.6 and marketing price above USD$8.39 kg-1

Eugenol as an anesthetic for juvenile common snook

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do eugenol como anestésico para juvenis de robalo‑flecha e determinar a concentração mínima eficaz que pode ser utilizada em procedimentos de manejo. No primeiro experimento, juvenis de robalo‑flexa foram submetidos a banhos de imersão com concentrações a 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150 mg L-1 de eugenol; em seguida, o tempo de indução e a recuperação foram avaliados. No segundo experimento, o tempo de exposição letal (LT50) a 75 mg L-1 foi estimado. A concentração de eugenol mínima e eficaz foi de 50 mg L-1, e o estágio de anestesia profunda e a recuperação foram alcançados, respectivamente, em 126,3 e 208,8 s. A 75 mg L-1, o LT50 foi de 1.314 s, e o tempo de indução e recuperação foram satisfatórios; entretanto, os peixes não toleram mais de 229 s de exposição.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of eugenol as an anesthetic for juvenile common snook, and to determine the minimum effective concentration for use in handling procedures. In the first trial, juvenile common snook were subjected to immersion baths at 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 mg L-1 eugenol concentrations, after which induction and recovery times were evaluated. In the second experiment, the lethal exposure time (LT50) at 75 mg L-1 was estimated. Minimum effective eugenol concentration was 50 mg L-1, and the stage of deep anesthesia and recovery were, respectively, reached at 126.3 and 208.8 s. At 75 mg L-1, LT50 was 1,314 s, and induction time and recovery were also satisfactory; however, fish cannot tolerate over 229 s exposure

Selection of shrimp breeders free of white spot syndrome and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis

The objective of this work was to select surviving breeders of Litopenaeus vannamei from white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) outbreak, adapted to local climatic conditions and negatively diagnosed for WSSV and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), and to evaluate if this strategy is a viable alternative for production in Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 800 males and 800 females were phenotypically selected in a farm pond. Nested-PCR analyses of 487 sexually mature females and 231 sexually mature males showed that 63% of the females and 55% of the males were infected with IHHNV. Animals free of IHHNV were tested for WSSV, and those considered double negative were used for breeding. The post-larvae produced were stocked in nine nursery tanks for analysis. From the 45 samples, with 50 post-larvae each, only two were positive for IHHNV and none for WSSV. Batches of larvae diagnosed free of virus by nested-PCR were sent to six farms. A comparative analysis was carried out in growth ponds, between local post-larvae and post-larvae from Northeast Brazil. Crabs (Chasmagnathus granulata), blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), and sea hares (Aplysia brasiliana), which are possible vectors of these viruses, were also evaluated. The mean survival was 55% for local post-larvae against 23.4% for post-larvae from the Northeast. Sea hares showed prevalence of 50% and crabs of 67% of WSSV. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar reprodutores de Litopenaeus vannamei sobreviventes de um surto do vírus da síndrome da mancha-branca (WSSV), adaptados às condições locais e diagnosticados negativamente para WSSV e para o vírus da necrose infecciosa hipodermal e hematopoiética (IHHNV), e avaliar se esta extratégia é uma alternativa viável para produção em Santa Catarina. Foram selecionados fenotipicamente 800 machos e 800 fêmeas, de um viveiro. Análises de nested-PCR de 487 fêmeas e de 231 machos, sexualmente maduros, mostraram que 63% das fêmeas e 55% dos machos estavam infectados com IHHNV. Os animais livres de IHHNV foram testados para WSSV, e os considerados duplo negativos destinados à reprodução. As pós-larvas produzidas foram estocadas em nove berçários, para análise. Das 45 amostras, com 50 pós-larvas cada, apenas duas foram positivas para IHHNV e nenhuma para WSSV. Os lotes de pós-larvas diagnosticadas livres de vírus por nested-PCR foram encaminhados para seis fazendas. Foi realizada análise comparativa em viveiros de engorda, entre pós-larvas locais e pós-larvas do Nordeste do Brasil. Também foram analisados caranguejos (Chasmagnathus granulata), siris (Callinectes sapidus) e lebres do mar (Aplysia brasiliana), que são possíveis vetores dos vírus. A média de sobrevivência foi de 55% para as pós-larvas locais e de 23,4% para as pós-larvas do Nordeste. As lebres do mar apresentaram prevalência de 50% e os caranguejos de 67% de WSSV

Selection of shrimp breeders free of white spot syndrome and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis

The objective of this work was to select surviving breeders of Litopenaeus vannamei from white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) outbreak, adapted to local climatic conditions and negatively diagnosed for WSSV and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), and to evaluate if this strategy is a viable alternative for production in Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 800 males and 800 females were phenotypically selected in a farm pond. Nested-PCR analyses of 487 sexually mature females and 231 sexually mature males showed that 63% of the females and 55% of the males were infected with IHHNV. Animals free of IHHNV were tested for WSSV, and those considered double negative were used for breeding. The post-larvae produced were stocked in nine nursery tanks for analysis. From the 45 samples, with 50 post-larvae each, only two were positive for IHHNV and none for WSSV. Batches of larvae diagnosed free of virus by nested-PCR were sent to six farms. A comparative analysis was carried out in growth ponds, between local post-larvae and post-larvae from Northeast Brazil. Crabs (Chasmagnathus granulata), blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), and sea hares (Aplysia brasiliana), which are possible vectors of these viruses, were also evaluated. The mean survival was 55% for local post-larvae against 23.4% for post-larvae from the Northeast. Sea hares showed prevalence of 50% and crabs of 67% of WSSV

O império dos mil anos e a arte do "tempo barroco": a águia bicéfala como emblema da Cristandade

The article reveals that between the mid-17th century and the mid-18th century, in the ecclesiastical world of the religious orders (Jesuits, franciscans, Carmelites, Cistercians, Augustinian, etc.) and the episcopate, there was the progressive adoption of the imperial symbol, the double-headed eagle, attribute of the Christian Empire, the germanic Holy Roman Empire emblem. However, in the religious field, this imperial eagle of the baroque time appears without the political insignia (sword, scepter and the imperial orb), adorning altars, monstrances, trumphal archs, facades of temples, doors, walls, domes, pulpits, sacred washbasins, sculptures and paintings of the Virgin and Child, liturgical robes, etc.; therefore related to the cult and the dogmas of the Catholic faith - in artistic works, the association between the double eagle and the flesh-spirit or human-divine unity, axial principle of the Catholic faith, represented by Virgin-Mother and Christ, is often indicated directly. The research has located and identified numerous remnants of the double eagle emblem in religious field in Portugal and Spain and in their conquests and dominions in America, Asia and Africa, and also in Italy, and the historiography on painful birth of the modern era in the West has never realized this phenomenon. Symbolizing absolute power, universal power, these works with sacred significance, as the ecclesiastical discourse of the time, demonstrate movement occurred in religious plane. With the aim to assert not only spiritual but also temporal power of Christ and his mystical body, the Church was impelled by the idea of restoring the "Republica Christiana" or Christendon - disrupted by conflicts of power and faith - and of introducing a Universal Apostolic Monarchy extended to all mankind: the Empire of the Last Days, the Empire of Christ in the world, the fifth Empire