Genetic Programming for Multibiometrics

Biometric systems suffer from some drawbacks: a biometric system can provide in general good performances except with some individuals as its performance depends highly on the quality of the capture. One solution to solve some of these problems is to use multibiometrics where different biometric systems are combined together (multiple captures of the same biometric modality, multiple feature extraction algorithms, multiple biometric modalities...). In this paper, we are interested in score level fusion functions application (i.e., we use a multibiometric authentication scheme which accept or deny the claimant for using an application). In the state of the art, the weighted sum of scores (which is a linear classifier) and the use of an SVM (which is a non linear classifier) provided by different biometric systems provide one of the best performances. We present a new method based on the use of genetic programming giving similar or better performances (depending on the complexity of the database). We derive a score fusion function by assembling some classical primitives functions (+, *, -, ...). We have validated the proposed method on three significant biometric benchmark datasets from the state of the art

Hybrid Template Update System for Unimodal Biometric Systems

Semi-supervised template update systems allow to automatically take into account the intra-class variability of the biometric data over time. Such systems can be inefficient by including too many impostor's samples or skipping too many genuine's samples. In the first case, the biometric reference drifts from the real biometric data and attracts more often impostors. In the second case, the biometric reference does not evolve quickly enough and also progressively drifts from the real biometric data. We propose a hybrid system using several biometric sub-references in order to increase per- formance of self-update systems by reducing the previously cited errors. The proposition is validated for a keystroke- dynamics authentication system (this modality suffers of high variability over time) on two consequent datasets from the state of the art.Comment: IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2012), Washington, District of Columbia, USA : France (2012

Performance Evaluation of Biometric Template Update

Template update allows to modify the biometric reference of a user while he uses the biometric system. With such kind of mechanism we expect the biometric system uses always an up to date representation of the user, by capturing his intra-class (temporary or permanent) variability. Although several studies exist in the literature, there is no commonly adopted evaluation scheme. This does not ease the comparison of the different systems of the literature. In this paper, we show that using different evaluation procedures can lead in different, and contradictory, interpretations of the results. We use a keystroke dynamics (which is a modality suffering of template ageing quickly) template update system on a dataset consisting of height different sessions to illustrate this point. Even if we do not answer to this problematic, it shows that it is necessary to normalize the template update evaluation procedures.Comment: International Biometric Performance Testing Conference 2012, Gaithersburg, MD, USA : United States (2012

Fast computation of the performance evaluation of biometric systems: application to multibiometric

The performance evaluation of biometric systems is a crucial step when designing and evaluating such systems. The evaluation process uses the Equal Error Rate (EER) metric proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO/IEC). The EER metric is a powerful metric which allows easily comparing and evaluating biometric systems. However, the computation time of the EER is, most of the time, very intensive. In this paper, we propose a fast method which computes an approximated value of the EER. We illustrate the benefit of the proposed method on two applications: the computing of non parametric confidence intervals and the use of genetic algorithms to compute the parameters of fusion functions. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed EER approximation method in term of computing time, and the interest of its use to reduce the learning of parameters with genetic algorithms. The proposed method opens new perspectives for the development of secure multibiometrics systems by speeding up their computation time.Comment: Future Generation Computer Systems (2012

Web-Based Benchmark for Keystroke Dynamics Biometric Systems: A Statistical Analysis

Most keystroke dynamics studies have been evaluated using a specific kind of dataset in which users type an imposed login and password. Moreover, these studies are optimistics since most of them use different acquisition protocols, private datasets, controlled environment, etc. In order to enhance the accuracy of keystroke dynamics' performance, the main contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we provide a new kind of dataset in which users have typed both an imposed and a chosen pairs of logins and passwords. In addition, the keystroke dynamics samples are collected in a web-based uncontrolled environment (OS, keyboards, browser, etc.). Such kind of dataset is important since it provides us more realistic results of keystroke dynamics' performance in comparison to the literature (controlled environment, etc.). Second, we present a statistical analysis of well known assertions such as the relationship between performance and password size, impact of fusion schemes on system overall performance, and others such as the relationship between performance and entropy. We put into obviousness in this paper some new results on keystroke dynamics in realistic conditions.Comment: The Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIHMSP 2012), Piraeus : Greece (2012

Keystroke Dynamics Authentication For Collaborative Systems

We present in this paper a study on the ability and the benefits of using a keystroke dynamics authentication method for collaborative systems. Authentication is a challenging issue in order to guarantee the security of use of collaborative systems during the access control step. Many solutions exist in the state of the art such as the use of one time passwords or smart-cards. We focus in this paper on biometric based solutions that do not necessitate any additional sensor. Keystroke dynamics is an interesting solution as it uses only the keyboard and is invisible for users. Many methods have been published in this field. We make a comparative study of many of them considering the operational constraints of use for collaborative systems

CNNs Fusion for Building Detection in Aerial Images for the Building Detection Challenge

published in CVPR workshop proceedingsThis paper presents our contribution to the DeepGlobe Building Detection Challenge. We enhanced the SpaceNet Challenge winning solution by proposing a new fusion strategy based on a deep combiner using segmentation both results of different CNN and input data to segment. Segmentation results for all cities have been significantly improved (between 1% improvement over the baseline for the smallest one to more than 7% for the largest one). The separation of adjacent buildings should be the next enhancement made to the solution

Evaluation of Biometric Authentication Systems through Visualisation of Partitioned and Bundled Power-graphs

International audienceBiometric authentication systems verify the identity of individuals based on what they are. As they are error prone, they can reject genuine individuals or accept impostors. Researchers of the field quantify the quality of their algorithm by benchmarking it on several databases. However, although the standard evaluation metrics state the performance of their system, they are unable to explain the reasons of their errors. This paper presents a novel way to visualize the evaluation results of a biometric authentication system which helps to find which individuals or samples are sources of errors. This knowledge could help to fix the algorithms. A biometric database of scores is modeled as a partitioned power-graph with nodes representing biometric samples and power-nodes representing individuals. A novel recursive edge bundling method is also applied to reduce clutter. This proposal has been successfully applied on several biometric databases and has proved its efficiency

Contributions à la dynamique de frappe au clavier : multibiométrie, biométrie douce et mise à jour de la référence

Keystroke dynamics is a behavioural biometry which allows to authenticate individuals through there way of typing on a keyboard. Such systems are cheap, as they do not need specific devices different from the keyboard of the computer. They are also well accepted by the user. We are mainly interested in static systems where the text typed by the user is known in advance by the machine. Sadly, the performance of this modality are rather mediocre because of the high variability of the biometric data which comes from emotional state of the individual, the learning of they way to type, ... In this thesis, we propose various contributions which allow to improve the recognition performance of keystroke dynamics systems. We also do an analysis of the public datasets allowing to evaluate the performance of new recognition systems. One contribution is the creation of a system which allows the authentication of users with a shared password. Then, we study the biometric fusion with face recognition and keystroke dynamics in order to increase the performance of the two systems. We show, on two different datasets, that it is possible to guess the gender of an individual through its way of typing to a keyboard. Finally, we present a new template update method which allows to take into account the ageing of the biometric data in order to not observe a decrease of performance overtime.La dynamique de frappe au clavier est une modalité biométrique comportementale qui permet d'authentifier des individus selon leur façon de taper au clavier. Un tel système est peu coûteux, car il ne nécessite pas de matériel d'acquisition autre que le clavier de l'ordinateur, et est facilement accepté par l'utilisateur. Nous nous sommes principalement intéressé aux systèmes statiques où le texte saisit par l'utilisateur est connu à l'avance par la machine. Malheureusement, les performances de cette modalité sont plutôt médiocres en raison de la forte variabilité de la donnée biométrique. Cette variabilité est due à l'état émotionnel de la personne, l'apprentissage de la façon de taper, \ldots Nous proposons dans cette thèse différentes contributions permettant d'améliorer les performances de reconnaissance de systèmes de dynamique de frappe au clavier (DDF). Nous effectuons également une analyse des bases publiques permettant d'évaluer la performance de nouveaux systèmes de reconnaissance. Une contribution est la mise au point d'un système de DDF par mot de passe partagé. Nous étudions ensuite la fusion multibiométrique avec la dynamique de frappe au clavier et la reconnaissance faciale afin d'augmenter les performances des deux systèmes. Nous montrons, sur deux jeux de données différents, qu'il est possible de reconnaitre le genre d'un individu suivant sa façon de taper au clavier. Enfin, nous présentons une nouvelle méthode de mise à jour de la référence biométrique qui permet de prendre en compte le vieillissement de la donnée biométrique, afin de ne pas avoir une diminution des performances de reconnaissance au cours du temps