Sante De Sanctis (1862-1935), a forerunner of the 20th century research on sleep and dreaming

This article aims to reconstruct the elements of continuity and/or discontinuity in Sante De Sanctis' (1862–1935) contributions in the scientific understanding of sleep and dreaming as compared to the scientific research of his time. An Italian psychologist and psychiatrist, De Sanctis, in his work conducted between the 19th and 20th centuries, has framed the study of dreams using multi-methodology. In addition, De Sanctis experimentally established the correspondence between the deep and desynchronization phases of sleep with respect to dreaming. In this context, De Sanctis' subjects described the periodicity of sleep and consciousness, influencing the explanations of the themes that modern sleep research has, after decades, systematically studied. We demonstrate that De Sanctis' work has been underestimated, and in our opinion, deserves to be reconsidered as a source of the psychophysiological explanation of dreams and sleep. Finally, we present a graphical representation of De Sanctis' psycho- and neurophysiological model of dreamin

Il contributo della Psicologia generale allo studio scientifico del sogno: un’analisi storica

L’articolo si propone di evidenziare l’importante ruolo rivestito dalla Psicologia generale nello studio scientifico del sogno. Gli autori analizzano secondo una prospettiva storica gli studi sul sogno realizzati tra il 1872 e il 1940 nel contesto nazionale e internazionale e classificati in PsycInfo. Il metodo utilizzato integra una prospettiva Bottom-Up con quella Top-Down: a partire dalla Content Analysis degli abstract dei lavori selezionati, i dati ottenuti sostengono l’elaborazione dell’ipotesi storiografica. La ricerca condotta dagli autori presso il Laboratorio di Storia della Psicologia del Dipartimento di Psicologia dinamica e clinica (Sapienza Università di Roma) fa emergere come la Psicologia generale abbia favorito lo strutturarsi di un inquadramento scientifico e specificatamente psicologico nello studio del fenomeno onirico ponendo le basi per le più evolute ricerche contemporane

Fare e divulgare la ricerca storica. Il laboratorio e l’archivio online di storia della psicologia della “Sapienza” Universita’ di Roma

L‟articolo ha l‟obiettivo di descrivere sistematicamente le attività di ricerca svolte presso il Laboratorio di Storia della Psicologia della Sapienza, Università di Roma di cui è responsabile il Prof. Lombardo. Tra i progetti di ricerca viene presentato l‟Archivio di Storia della Psicologia (ASP), online dal 2009, che raccoglie monografie, articoli e documenti rappresentativi della scienza e disciplina psicologica italiana. Le aree di ricerca a cui il gruppo romano si è dedicato sono: lo studio scientifico dei sogni; il costrutto storico-sociale della personalità, lo studio storico della psicologia clinica e della psicopedagogia in Italia ed in Francia, le origini, la crisi e il radicamento della scienza psicologica. Le singole aree sono rappresentate da importanti pubblicazioni sia in ambito nazionale che internazionale, presentate in questo lavoroThe article aims to describe systematically describe the research activities carried out at the Laboratory of the History of Psychology at Sapienza University of Rome, created by Prof. Lombardo. Among the research projects there is the Archives of the History of Psychology (ASP), online since 2009, which collects monographs, articles and documents representative of the science and discipline of iItalian Psychology. The research areas dealt with: the scientific study of dreams; the historical and social construct of personality;, the historical study of clinical psychology and educational psychology in Italy and France,; the origins, the crisis and the roots of psychological science. Each areas areis represented by major publications both nationally and internationally, presented in this wor

Il contributo della Psicologia generale allo studio scientifico del sogno: un’analisi storica

L’articolo si propone di evidenziare l’importante ruolo rivestito dalla Psicologia generale nello studio scientifico del sogno. Gli autori analizzano secondo una prospettiva storica gli studi sul sogno realizzati tra il 1872 e il 1940 nel contesto nazionale e internazionale e classificati in PsycInfo. Il metodo utilizzato integra una prospettiva Bottom-Up con quella Top-Down: a partire dalla Content Analysis degli abstract dei lavori selezionati, i dati ottenuti sostengono l’elaborazione dell’ipotesi storiografica. La ricerca condotta dagli autori presso il Laboratorio di Storia della Psicologia del Dipartimento di Psicologia dinamica e clinica (Sapienza Università di Roma) fa emergere come la Psicologia generale abbia favorito lo strutturarsi di un inquadramento scientifico e specificatamente psicologico nello studio del fenomeno onirico ponendo le basi per le più evolute ricerche contemporane

The semi-infinite cohomology of Weyl modules with two singular points

In their study of spherical representations of an affine Lie algebra at the critical level and of unramified opers, Frenkel and Gaitsgory introduced what they called the Weyl module $\mathbb{V}^{\lambda}$ corresponding to a dominant weight $\lambda$. This object plays an important role in the theory. In arXiv:2012.01858, we introduced a possible analogue $\mathbb{V}^{{\lambda},{\mu}}$ of the Weyl module in the setting of opers with two singular points, and in the case of sl(2) we proved that it has the "correct" endomorphism ring. In this paper, we compute the semi-infinite cohomology of $\mathbb{V}^{{\lambda},{\mu}}$ and we show that it does not share some of the properties of the semi-infinite cohomology of the Weyl module of Frenkel and Gaitsgory. For this reason, we introduce a new module $\tilde{\mathbb{V}}^{{\lambda},{\mu}}$ which, in the case of sl(2), enjoys all the expected properties of a Weyl module.Comment: 23 page

Local opers with two singularities: the case of sl(2)\mathfrak{sl}(2)

We study local opers with two singularities for the case of the Lie algebra sl(2), and discuss their connection with a two-variables extension of the affine Lie algebra. We prove an analogue of the Feigin-Frenkel theorem describing the centre at the critical level, and an analogue of a result by Frenkel and Gaitsgory that characterises the endomorphism rings of Weyl modules in terms of functions on the space of opers.Comment: 56 pages. Comments are very welcome

Laparoscopic simple prostatectomy vs bipolar plasma enucleation of the prostate in large benign prostatic hyperplasia. a two-center 3-year comparison

Purpose: To compare surgery outcomes and safety of button bipolar enucleation of the prostate vs laparoscopic simple prostatectomy in patients with large prostates (> 80 g) in a two-center cohort study. Methods: All patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement (Prostate volume > 80 cc) undergoing button bipolar enucleation of the prostate (BTUEP) or laparoscopic simple prostatectomy (LSP) in two centers were enrolled. Data on clinical history, physical examination, urinary symptoms, uroflowmetry and prostate volume were collected at 0, 1, 3 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Early and long-term complications were recorded. Results: Overall, 296 patients were enrolled. Out of them, 167/296 (56%) performed a LSP and 129/296 (44%) performed a BTUEP. In terms of efficacy both procedures showed durable results at three years with a reintervention rate of 8% in the LSP group and of 5% in the BTUEP group. In terms of safety, BTUEP and LSP presented similar safety profiles with a 9% of transfusion rate and no major complications. Conclusion: LSP and BTUEP are safe and effective in treating large-volume adenomas with durable results at three years when performed in experienced centers

Whole-genome re-sequencing of two Italian tomato landraces reveals sequence variations in genes associated with stress tolerance, fruit quality and long shelf-life traits

Tomato is a high value crop and the primary model for fleshy fruit development and ripening. Breeding priorities include increased fruit quality, shelf life and tolerance to stresses. To contribute towards this goal, we re-sequenced the genomes of Corbarino (COR) and Lucariello (LUC) landraces, which both possess the traits of plant adaptation to water deficit, prolonged fruit shelf-life and good fruit quality. Through the newly developed pipeline Reconstructor, we generated the genome sequences of COR and LUC using datasets of 65.8M and 56.4M of 30–150bp paired-end reads, respectively. New contigs including reads that could not be mapped to the tomato reference genome were assembled, and a total of 43, 054 and 44, 579 gene loci were annotated in COR and LUC. Both genomes showed novel regions with similarity to Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum pennellii. In addition to small deletions and insertions, 2, 000 and 1, 700 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could exert potentially disruptive effects on 1, 371 and 1, 201 genes in COR and LUC, respectively. A detailed survey of the SNPs occurring in fruit quality, shelf life and stress tolerance related-genes identified several candidates of potential relevance. Variations in ethylene response components may concur in determining peculiar phenotypes of COR and LUC

Sense of smell in chronic rhinosinusitis: A multicentric study on 811 patients

Introduction: The impairment of the sense of smell is often related to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP, CRSsNP). CRSwNP is a frequent condition that drastically worsens the quality of life of those affected; it has a higher prevalence than CRSsNP. CRSwNP patients experience severe loss of smell with earlier presentation and are more likely to experience recurrence of their symptoms, often requiring revision surgery. Methods: The present study performed a multicentric data collection, enrolling 811 patients with CRS divided according to the inflammatory endotype (Type 2 and non-Type 2). All patients were referred for nasal endoscopy for the assessment of nasal polyposis using nasal polyp score (NPS); Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test were performed to measure olfactory function, and SNOT-22 (22-item sinonasal outcome test) questionnaire was used to assess patients' quality of life; allergic status was evaluated with skin prick test and nasal cytology completed the evaluation when available. Results: Data showed that Type 2 inflammation is more common than non-type 2 (656 patients versus 155) and patients suffer from worse quality of life and nasal polyp score. Moreover, 86.1% of patients with Type 2 CRSwNP were affected by a dysfunction of the sense of smell while it involved a lesser percentage of non-Type 2 patients. Indeed, these data give us new information about type-2 inflammation patients' characteristics. Discussion: The present study confirms that olfactory function weights on patients' QoL and it represents an important therapeutic goal that can also improve patients' compliance when achieved. In a future - and present - perspective of rhinological precision medicine, an impairment of the sense of smell could help the clinician to characterize patients better and to choose the best treatment available

Effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the expression of genes involved in European eel spermatogenesis

[EN] Positive effects of probiotics on fish reproduction have been reported in several species. In the present study, 40 male European eels were weekly treated with recombinant hCG for 9 weeks and with three different concentrations (10(3), 10(5), and 10(6) CFU/mL) of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501 (Sinbyotec, Italy). The probiotics were daily added to the water from the sixth week of the hCG treatment. Males from the treated and control groups were sacrificed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of probiotic treatment (seventh ninth weeks of hCG treatment); at this point, sperm and testis samples were also collected. Sperm volume was estimated, and motility was analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis software. Alternations in transcription of specific genes involved in reproductive process such as activin, androgen receptors alpha and beta (ar alpha and ar beta), progesterone receptor 1 (pr1), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (bmp15), and FSH receptor (fshr) were analyzed in the testis. After 2 weeks of probiotic treatment, sperm production and sperm motility parameters (percentage of motile cells and percentage of straight-swimming spermatozoa) were increased in the European eel treated with 105 CFU/mL compared to controls or to the other probiotic doses. These changes were associated with increases in messenger RNA expression of activin, ar alpha, ar beta, pr1, and fshr. Conversely, after 3 weeks, activin and pr1 expression decreased. No significant changes were observed on bmp15 expression throughout the duration of the treatment with 10(5) CFU/mL dose. The lowest and highest probiotic dose (10(3) and 10(6) CFU/mL, respectively) inhibited the transcription of all genes along all the experiment, except for ar alpha and ar beta after 1 week of probiotic treatment when compared to controls. The changes observed by transcriptomic analysis and the sperm parameters suggest that a treatment with L rhamnosus at 10(5) CFU/mL for 2 weeks could improve spermatogenesis process in Anguilla anguilla. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.This study was funded by the European Community’s 7th FP (grant agreement no. 245257, PRO-EEL) and COST Office (Food and Agriculture COST Action FA1205: AQUAGAMETE) Victor Gallego and M. Carmen Vilchez have predoctoral grants from MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD (BES-2009-020310) and UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA PAID Program (2011-S2-02-6521), respectively. Fondo Ateneo 2012 to Oliana Carnevali.Vilchez Olivencia, MC.; Santangeli, S.; Maradonna, F.; Gioacchini, G.; Verdenelli, C.; Gallego Albiach, V.; Peñaranda, D.... (2015). Effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus on the expression of genes involved in European eel spermatogenesis. Theriogenology. 84(8):1321-1331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.011S1321133184