376 research outputs found

    Magnetically Mediated Transparent Conductors: In2_2O3_3 doped with Mo

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    First-principles band structure investigations of the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of Mo-doped In2_2O3_3 reveal the vital role of magnetic interactions in determining both the electrical conductivity and the Burstein-Moss shift which governs optical absorption. We demonstrate the advantages of the transition metal doping which results in smaller effective mass, larger fundamental band gap and better overall optical transmission in the visible -- as compared to commercial Sn-doped In2_2O3_3. Similar behavior is expected upon doping with other transition metals opening up an avenue for the family of efficient transparent conductors mediated by magnetic interactions

    Iterative annotation to ease neural network training: Specialized machine learning in medical image analysis

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    Neural networks promise to bring robust, quantitative analysis to medical fields, but adoption is limited by the technicalities of training these networks. To address this translation gap between medical researchers and neural networks in the field of pathology, we have created an intuitive interface which utilizes the commonly used whole slide image (WSI) viewer, Aperio ImageScope (Leica Biosystems Imaging, Inc.), for the annotation and display of neural network predictions on WSIs. Leveraging this, we propose the use of a human-in-the-loop strategy to reduce the burden of WSI annotation. We track network performance improvements as a function of iteration and quantify the use of this pipeline for the segmentation of renal histologic findings on WSIs. More specifically, we present network performance when applied to segmentation of renal micro compartments, and demonstrate multi-class segmentation in human and mouse renal tissue slides. Finally, to show the adaptability of this technique to other medical imaging fields, we demonstrate its ability to iteratively segment human prostate glands from radiology imaging data.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 2 supplemental figures (on the last page

    Combining high conductivity with complete optical transparency: A band-structure approach

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    A comparison of the structural, optical and electronic properties of the recently discovered transparent conducting oxide (TCO), nanoporous Ca12Al14O33, with those of the conventional TCO's (such as Sc-doped CdO) indicates that this material belongs conceptually to a new class of transparent conductors. For this class of materials, we formulate criteria for the successful combination of high electrical conductivity with complete transparency in the visible range. Our analysis suggests that this set of requirements can be met for a group of novel materials called electrides.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publicatio

    Electron scattering mechanisms in fluorine-doped SnO2 thin films

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    Polycrystalline fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO) thin films have been grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis on glass substrate. By varying growth conditions, several FTO specimens have been deposited and the study of their structural, electrical, and optical properties has been carried out. By systematically investigating the mobility as a function of carrier density, grain size, and crystallite size, the contribution of each physical mechanism involved in the electron scattering has been derived. A thorough comparison of experimental data and calculations allows to disentangle these different mechanisms and to deduce their relative importance. In particular, the roles of extended structural defects such as grain or twin boundaries as revealed by electron microscopy or x-ray diffraction along with ionized impurities are discussed. As a consequence, based on the quantitative analysis presented here, an experimental methodology leading to the improvement of the electro-optical properties of FTO thin films is reported. FTO thin films assuming an electrical resistivity as low as 3.7 center dot 10(-4)Omega cm (square sheet resistance of 8 Omega/square) while retaining good transmittance up to 86% (including substrate effect) in the visible range have been obtained. (c) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC

    Electronic structure and light-induced conductivity in a transparent refractory oxide

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    Combined first-principles and experimental investigations reveal the underlying mechanism responsible for a drastic change of the conductivity (by 10 orders of magnitude) following hydrogen annealing and UV-irradiation in a transparent oxide, 12CaO.7Al2O3, found by Hayashi et al. The charge transport associated with photo-excitation of an electron from H, occurs by electron hopping. We identify the atoms participating in the hops, determine the exact paths for the carrier migration, estimate the temperature behavior of the hopping transport and predict a way to enhance the conductivity by specific doping.Comment: 4 pages including 4 figure
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