The Psychological Effects of State Socialization: IGO Membership Loss and Respect for Human Rights

We present an interdisciplinary theory that considers how loss of membership in international organizations affects states’ human rights practices. Drawing mostly from social psychology and international relations research, we argue that states are socialized into the international community through a process of social influence, whereby they are incentivized to comply with group norms by the promise (threat) of social rewards (punishments). Social influence occurs when states form social bonds through interactions with other states. When social bonds are severed, fewer opportunities for social influence occur due to lower information to both the remaining states and the state that lost those social bonds. Thus, we hypothesize that the loss of membership from IGOs reduces incentives to comply with group norms and adversely affects human rights practices at home. A combination of propensity score matching/regression and autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) models on a global cross-section across the years 1978–2012 supports the theory. Specifically, losing at least one IGO membership leads to a long-run drop in human rights respect of about one quarter to one half standard deviation

Service Learning\u27s Influence on Multicultural Goals: Among Elite High School Girls: An Interpretative Case Study

This qualitative study was designed to explore the experiences of high school girls in a service-learning class that I co-taught with my husband, Jeffrey Stephens. an economics and World Civilizations teacher at the Bayou School. I observed the participants during their three-week service class entitled The Economy\u27s Impact Upon Its Citizenry when they served at a Salvation Anny community center and during their class discussions. I also interviewed all of the students before the class began, three times during the class. and twice after the class was over. The students kept journals throughout the class and wrote a case study on their experience with one of the community center\u27s senior citizens. which I examined for emerging themes and patterns. I have described the girls\u27 experiences with their service-Iearning class. I have also discussed how the participants worked toward or did not work toward the six multicultural goals (Bennett, 2000) Stephens and I used as a framework for organizing the class. Additionally. I share the girls\u27 philosophical orientations about service (Boyle-Baise. 1998b) and how these beliefs influenced the meaning they gave to their experiences at the service site

Impact of the Agricultural Sector on the Arkansas Economy in 2001

Agriculture has historically been one of Arkansas’ primary economic sectors. Agriculture is defined as the sum of agricultural production and processing activities unless otherwise specified. Agriculture contributes to the economy through direct agricultural production and value-added processing which generates economic activity in other parts of the economy

BUSINESS EDUCATION AND GENDER BIAS AT THE ‘C-LEVEL\u27

Women in business are perceived to have been successful; however, the numbers of women in ‘C-level’ positions (e.g., CEO, CFO, CIO, etc.) provide evidence to the contrary. This paper examines obstacles to women rising to ‘C-level’ positions and how business education contributes to, but may ultimately help resolve these problems by identifying ways to increase the effectiveness of business education and educators regarding gender bias. Barriers that prevent women from advancement and contributing factors in business education are identified. Recommendations for strategies in business education to reduce, manage, and create awareness of gender bias in the classroom are presented. For educators in business schools, these findings suggest the importance of acknowledging that gender bias still exists and revising business curricula to address this problem, thus better preparing business graduates of both genders to identify and develop strategies for reducing gender bias in the workplace

Acercamiento al idioma español como lengua extranjera a través de canciones infantiles; en estudiantes del grado de Preescolar, de la institución educativa Little Explorers de la ciudad de Shrewsbury en Inglaterra

La propuesta pedagógica surgió a partir del interés de la docente en formación del grado preescolar y del manejo que esta tiene de su idioma natal, de acercar al español como lengua extranjera, usando como estrategia pedagógica canciones infantiles que faciliten el acercamiento del español en los niños y en las niñas de 2, 3 y 4 años del aula Willow Room, de la institución educativa Little Explorers, ubicada en el país de Inglaterra. Los niños aprenden a través del juego, es por ello por lo que las canciones infantiles, los invitan a mover su cuerpo y a pronunciar los textos de las canciones, de manera que esta estrategia de acercar a los niños al idioma español utilizando las canciones infantiles, encamino el objetivo general de este proyecto, de modo que les permite a los niños aprender al mismo tiempo que disfrutan. Como metodología se utilizaron técnicas que facilitaron la organización en este proyecto, como la observación participante, diarios de campo y registros fotográficos, estas herramientas permitieron la realización de una intervención pedagógica, en la que se planteó un diseño didáctico con la implementación de actividades, que facilitaron el aprendizaje a través de las canciones infantiles en los niños y en las niñas del grado preescolar.The pedagogical proposal arose from the interest of the teacher in preschool training, and the management that she has of her native language, to approach Spanish as a foreign language, using childrens songs as a pedagogical strategy that facilitate the learning of Spanish in children. and in the children of age 2, 3 and 4 years of the Willow Room classroom, in the Little Explorers educational institution, located in the country of England. Children learn through play, that is why childrens songs invite them to move their body and pronounce the texts of the songs, so using this strategy of bringing children closer to the Spanish language by using childrens songs, I managed the general objective of this project, so that it allowed the children to learn at the same time whilst also enjoying themselves. As a methodology, techniques were used that facilitated the organization in this project, such as participant observation, field diaries and photographic records, these tools allowed the implementation of a pedagogical intervention, in which a didactic design was proposed with the implementation of activities, which facilitated learning through childrens songs in preschool boys and girls

Impact of the Agricultural Sector on the Arkansas Economy

Agriculture historically has been one of the primary sectors of the Arkansas economy. Agriculture is defined as the sum of agricultural, forestry, and fisheries production and processing activities unless otherwise specified. Not only does agriculture contribute to the economy through direct agricultural production and added value processing, it also plays an important role through the economy’s other sectors. Utilizing data from the United States Bureau of Economic Affairs and the State of Arkansas, the economic impact of agriculture on the Arkansas economy was estimated for the latest year available, 1999. Gross State Product (GSP) information for Arkansas was compared with that of other states in the southeastern U.S. to give a measure of the relative importance of agriculture in Arkansas compared with other states. The total impact of agriculture (direct, indirect, and induced effects) on added value, employment, and wage income was estimated by employing the Impact Analysis for Planning System (IMPLAN). Economic impacts of agricultural production and processing were estimated for agriculture as a whole and also separately for the crop sector, the livestock sector, and the forestry sector

Investigating the thermal physiology of critically endangered North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis via aerial infrared thermography

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lonati, G., Zitterbart, D. P., Miller, C. A., Corkeron, P. J., Murphy, C. T., & Moore, M. J. Investigating the thermal physiology of critically endangered North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis via aerial infrared thermography. Endangered Species Research, 48, (2022): 139–154, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01193.The Critically Endangered status of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis (NARWs) warrants the development of new, less invasive technology to monitor the health of individuals. Combined with advancements in remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS, commonly ‘drones’), infrared thermography (IRT) is being increasingly used to detect and count marine mammals and study their physiology. We conducted RPAS-based IRT over NARWs in Cape Cod Bay, MA, USA, in 2017 and 2018. Observations demonstrated 3 particularly useful applications of RPAS-based IRT to study large whales: (1) exploring patterns of cranial heat loss and providing insight into the physiological mechanisms that produce these patterns; (2) tracking subsurface individuals in real-time (depending on the thermal stratification of the water column) using cold surface water anomalies resulting from fluke upstrokes; and (3) detecting natural changes in superficial blood circulation or diagnosing pathology based on heat anomalies on post-cranial body surfaces. These qualitative applications present a new, important opportunity to study, monitor, and conserve large whales, particularly rare and at-risk species such as NARWs. Despite the challenges of using this technology in aquatic environments, the applications of RPAS-based IRT for monitoring the health and behavior of endangered marine mammals, including the collection of quantitative data on thermal physiology, will continue to diversify.All activities were conducted under NOAA permit 18355-01 and were approved by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). The RPAS pilot-in-command was certified through the United States Federal Aviation Admin-istration. We thank Amy Knowlton (Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life at the New England Aquarium) for photo-identifying individual North Atlantic right whales and Rocky Geyer (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) for providing and interpreting water temperature data relatedto the observations of thermal flukeprints (courtesy of the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority). We also appreciate constructive conversations with Iain Kerr (Ocean Alliance), Chris Zadra (Ocean Alliance), and Joy Reidenberg (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai). Funding was provided by a Woods Hole Oceanographic Research Opportunity grant, the North Pond Foundation, and NMFS NA14OAR4320158

A new approach on the quality evaluation of tourist services

This paper emphasises how the quality of tourist services can be evaluated. The first part presents the best known models developed by specialists for service quality evaluation, then the authors created their own model. According to this model, a global quality evaluation indicator of tourist services was proposed, based on certain aspects of quality aimed by both the provider and the customer/consumer of tourist services. The calculus of this indicator was exemplified in the case of a Romanian tourist area, Vatra Dornei

Inclusive teaching circles : mechanisms for creating welcoming classrooms.

This essay examines the Inclusive Teaching Circle (ITC) as a mechanism for faculty development in creating instructional tools that embrace an inclusive pedagogy reflecting diversity, cultural competence and social justice. We describe one group’s year-long participation in an ITC at a large, metropolitan research university in the south. Next, we share several members’ strategies for promoting more inclusive and equitable learning for students in our classrooms. Finally, we consider the implications of ITCs for its group participants and the professorate at large