8,995 research outputs found
Chemodynamic subpopulations of the Carina dwarf galaxy
We study the chemodynamical properties of the Carina dwarf spheroidal by
combining an intermediate spectroscopic resolution dataset of more than 900 red
giant and red clump stars, with high-precision photometry to derive the
atmospheric parameters, metallicities and age estimates for our targets. Within
the red giant branch population, we find evidence for the presence of three
distinct stellar sub-populations with different metallicities, spatial
distributions, kinematics and ages. As in the Fornax and Sculptor dwarf
spheroidals, the subpopulation with the lowest average metallicity is more
extended and kinematically hotter than all other populations. However, we
identify an inversion in the parallel ordering of metallicity, kinematics and
characteristic length scale in the two most metal rich subpopulations, which
therefore do not contribute to a global negative chemical gradient. Contrary to
common trends in the chemical properties with radius, the metal richest
population is more extended and mildly kinematically hotter than the main
component of intermediate metallicity. More investigations are required to
ascertain the nature of this inversion, but we comment on the mechanisms that
might have caused it.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Overexpression of an activated REL mutant enhances the transformed state of the human B-lymphoma BJAB cell line and alters its gene expression profile
The human REL proto-oncogene encodes a transcription factor in the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB family. Overexpression of REL is acutely transforming in chicken lymphoid cells, but has not been shown to transform any mammalian lymphoid cell type. In this report, we show that overexpression of a highly transforming mutant of REL (RELDeltaTAD1) increases the oncogenic properties of the human B-cell lymphoma BJAB cell line, as shown by increased colony formation in soft agar, tumor formation in SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice, and adhesion. BJAB-RELDeltaTAD1 cells also show decreased activation of caspase in response to doxorubicin. BJAB-RELDeltaTAD1 cells have increased levels of active nuclear REL protein as determined by immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Overexpression of RELDeltaTAD1 in BJAB cells has transformed the gene expression profile of BJAB cells from that of a germinal center B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (GCB-DLBCL) to that of an activated B-cell subtype (ABC-DLBCL), as evidenced by increased expression of many ABC-defining mRNAs. Upregulated genes in BJAB-RELDeltaTAD1 cells include several NF-kappaB targets that encode proteins previously implicated in B-cell development or oncogenesis, including BCL2, IRF4, CD40 and VCAM1. The cell system we describe here may be valuable for further characterizing the molecular details of REL-induced lymphoma in humans.P42 ES007381 - NIEHS NIH HHS; R01 CA047763 - NCI NIH HHS; CA047763 - NCI NIH HHS; R01 CA047763-20 - NCI NIH HHS; P42 ES007381-140019 - NIEHS NIH HHS; 5 P42 ES07381 - NIEHS NIH HHS; P42 ES007381-150019 - NIEHS NIH HHS; R01 CA047763-19 - NCI NIH HH
Caring for Transgender patients in the ICU: Current insights for equitable care
There is ever more focus on issues surrounding Transgender/Trans people and their healthcare needs, and while there is a dearth of evidence related to Intensive Care, this paper aims to address considerations for ICU nurses when caring for Trans patients. These include both the overall approach to person-centred care for Trans patients as well as the physiological considerations that necessitate nursing interventions
Ethical considerations for the nursing care of transgender patients in the intensive care unit
There is more discussion than ever surrounding the health and care needs of Transgender communities. However, there is limited research on the care of Transgender patients in the Intensive Care Unit which can contribute to knowledge gaps, inconsistencies and uncertainties surrounding health care practices. This article is not intended to address all of the specific needs of Transgender patients in ICU, but to explore the ethical considerations for caring for a Transgender woman in the ICU. In doing so, this article will explore some specific considerations around gender affirming care, challenging discrimination, physiological changes, and systems change to enhance car
The Inner Galaxy resolved at IJK using DENIS data
We present the analysis of three colour optical/near-infrared images, in IJK,
taken for the DENIS project. The region considered covers 17.4 square deg and
lies within |l|<5 deg, |b|<1.5 deg. The adopted methods for deriving photometry
and astrometry in these crowded images, together with an analysis of the
deficiencies nevertheless remaining, are presented. The numbers of objects
extracted in I,J and K are 748000, 851000 and 659000 respectively, to magnitude
limits of 17,15 and 13. 80% completeness levels typically fall at magnitudes
16, 13 and 10 respectively, fainter by about 2 magnitudes than the usual DENIS
limits due to the crowded nature of these fields. A simple model to describe
the disk contribution to the number counts is constructed, and parameters for
the dust layer derived. We find that a formal fit of parameters for the dust
plane, from these data in limited directions, gives a scalelength and
scaleheight of 3.4+-1.0 kpc and 40+-5 pc respectively, and a solar position
14.0+-2.5 pc below the plane. This latter value is likely to be affected by
localised dust asymmetries. We convolve a detailed model of the systematic and
random errors in the photometry with a simple model of the Galactic disk and
dust distribution, to simulate expected colour-magnitude diagrams. These are in
good agreement with the observed diagrams, allowing us to isolate those stars
from the inner disk and bulge. After correcting for local dust-induced
asymmetries, we find evidence for longitude-dependent asymmetries in the
distant J and K sources, consistent with the general predictions of some
Galactic bar models. We consider complementary L-band observations in a second
paper.Comment: 14 pages, 33 figures, LaTeX, MNRAS accepte
The Input Signal Step Function (ISSF), a Standard Method to Encode Input Signals in SBML Models with Software Support, Applied to Circadian Clock Models
LetterThis is the final version of the article. Available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record.Time-dependent light input is an important feature of computational models of the circadian clock. However, publicly available models encoded in standard representations such as the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) either do not encode this input or use different mechanisms to do so, which hinders reproducibility of published results as well as model reuse. The authors describe here a numerically continuous function suitable for use in SBML for models of circadian rhythms forced by periodic light-dark cycles. The Input Signal Step Function (ISSF) is broadly applicable to encoding experimental manipulations, such as drug treatments, temperature changes, or inducible transgene expression, which may be transient, periodic, or mixed. It is highly configurable and is able to reproduce a wide range of waveforms. The authors have implemented this function in SBML and demonstrated its ability to modify the behavior of publicly available models to accurately reproduce published results. The implementation of ISSF allows standard simulation software to reproduce specialized circadian protocols, such as the phase-response curve. To facilitate the reuse of this function in public models, the authors have developed software to configure its behavior without any specialist knowledge of SBML. A community-standard approach to represent the inputs that entrain circadian clock models could particularly facilitate research in chronobiology.K.S. was supported by the UK BBSRC grant BB/E015263/1. SynthSys Edinburgh is a Centre for Integrative Systems Biology (CISB) funded by BBSRC and EPSRC, reference BB/D019621/1
The mass of dwarf spheroidal galaxies and the missing satellite problem
We present the results from a suite of N-body simulations of the tidal
stripping of two-component dwarf galaxies comprising some stars and dark
matter. We show that recent kinematic data from the local group dwarf
spheroidal (dSph) galaxies suggests that dSph galaxies must be sufficiently
massive (M) that tidal stripping is of little
importance for the stars. We discuss the implications of these massive dSph
galaxies for cosmology and galaxy formation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of the IAUC198
"Near-Field Cosmology with Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies", H. Jerjen & B.
Binggeli (eds.). Comments welcom
The tidal stripping of satellites
We present an improved analytic calculation for the tidal radius of
satellites and test our results against N-body simulations.
The tidal radius in general depends upon four factors: the potential of the
host galaxy, the potential of the satellite, the orbit of the satellite and
{\it the orbit of the star within the satellite}. We demonstrate that this last
point is critical and suggest using {\it three tidal radii} to cover the range
of orbits of stars within the satellite. In this way we show explicitly that
prograde star orbits will be more easily stripped than radial orbits; while
radial orbits are more easily stripped than retrograde ones. This result has
previously been established by several authors numerically, but can now be
understood analytically. For point mass, power-law (which includes the
isothermal sphere), and a restricted class of split power law potentials our
solution is fully analytic. For more general potentials, we provide an equation
which may be rapidly solved numerically. Over short times (\simlt 1-2 Gyrs
satellite orbit), we find excellent agreement between our analytic and
numerical models. Over longer times, star orbits within the satellite are
transformed by the tidal field of the host galaxy. In a Hubble time, this
causes a convergence of the three limiting tidal radii towards the prograde
stripping radius. Beyond the prograde stripping radius, the velocity dispersion
will be tangentially anisotropic.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Final version accepted for publication in MNRAS.
Some new fully analytic tidal radii have been added for power law density
profiles (including the isothermal sphere) and some split power law
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