CP violation conditions in N-Higgs-doublet potentials

Conditions for CP violation in the scalar potential sector of general N-Higgs-doublet models (NHDMs) are analyzed from a group theoretical perspective. For the simplest two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) potential, a minimum set of conditions for explicit and spontaneous CP violation is presented. The conditions can be given a clear geometrical interpretation in terms of quantities in the adjoint representation of the basis transformation group for the two doublets. Such conditions depend on CP-odd pseudoscalar invariants. When the potential is CP invariant, the explicit procedure to reach the real CP-basis and the explicit CP transformation can also be obtained. The procedure to find the real basis and the conditions for CP violation are then extended to general NHDM potentials. The analysis becomes more involved and only a formal procedure to reach the real basis is found. Necessary conditions for CP invariance can still be formulated in terms of group invariants: the CP-odd generalized pseudoscalars. The problem can be completely solved for three Higgs-doublets.Comment: RevTeX4 used. Minor modifications, in particular, the parameter counting of $Z$. v3: Eqs.(28)-(31) correcte

Laboratory Studies in Chemically Mediated Phosphorus Removal

Chemically mediated phosphorus removal, done during wastewater treatment, is an effective means of reducing nutrient loads to sensitive environments. Although this method of treatment is widely used, the mechanism of removal is poorly understood. Moreover, phosphorus regulations for wastewater effluents are moving to concentration ranges of 10-100 μg P/L (total phosphorus). This is much lower than current regulations (∼0.1 ∼0.2 mg P/L as TP) required by municipalities (Takács et al., 2006a; Murthy et al., 2005). The analytical methods for low level phosphate analysis need to be optimized to perform reliably and accurately at these low levels. To accomplish this, absorbance measurements with long path lengths of 10 cm and 1 m were performed. The ascorbic acid method (Standard Methods 4500-P. E.) was modified for a 10 cm path length by using a colour-forming reagent volume that was 30% of the volume recommended by Standard Methods (4500-P. E.) and a colour development time of 1 hour. The same reagent volume is recommended for a 1 m path length with colour development overnight (24 hours). Additionally, a filtration protocol was found to be necessary to better define the “dissolved” fraction in synthetic iron and phosphate solutions used to model chemically mediated phosphorus removal. It was found that a 0.45 μm syringe filter gave variable results, likely due to a build-up of iron hydroxide colloids (less than 450 nm) on the filter. Phosphorus is associated with the iron hydroxide and remains on the surface of the filter as the colloids build-up and block the pores of the filter. This resulted in less phosphorus passing through the filter to be measured as dissolved. For jar tests designed to evaluate chemically mediated phosphorus removal, the recommended protocol to achieve the lowest reproducible orthophosphate concentration employs a 47 mm diameter Millipore filter, filtration at a rate of 250 mL/hour and a filtered volume of 10 mL. To improve the understanding of the chemically mediated phosphorus removal process and integrate modeling of phosphorus removal into computerized plant models such as Bio Win (EnviroSim™ Inc.), laboratory tests employing a factorial design were conducted. A 24 factorial design allowed two extremes of four significant factors in the nutrient removal process to be considered simultaneously. The four factors (with thehigh and low values in brackets) were solution pH (pH 6 and 8), iron dose (5 mg Fe/L and 10 mg Fe/L), mixing intensity (G = 23.5 s-1 and 376 s-1), and water hardness (∼44 mg/L as CaCCh and ∼170 mg/L as CaCOs). The 16 experiments required by the 24 factorial design were each performed over a 24-hour period, monitoring the residual orthophosphate concentration as a measure of effective P removal. The results confirmed factors of the process that were thought to affect phosphorus removal: faster mixing resulted in better initial removal and higher dose (5 compared to 2.5 in terms of molar Fe:P dose) resulted in an order of magnitude difference in residual orthophosphate concentration. Statistical analysis revealed that the most significant factors (p4 system are highly variable and depend on the factors of dose, pH, mixing, and water hardness

Motivations, Skills and Rewards: Social Workers’ Perspectives on Practice with Older Adults

This study explored social workers’ views about their motivations, skills and rewards in work with older adults and how to increase social workers’ interest in working with older adults. Seven masters level social workers who work with older adults and are members of an association of social workers who work with older adults in the community, participated in interviews about their practice. The participants emphasized the importance of empathy, listening and having knowledge about community resources as essential to competent work with older adults. The participants shared stories about how they developed an interest in working with older adults that reflected the importance of family, volunteer and work experiences. Each participant shared rewards they experienced such as being a resource in times of need, being present to listen, and being able to offer care and compassion. Implications for education and future research are highlighted as ways to engage future social workers in practice with older adults

Physicians & Surgeons - Malpractice - Standard of Care

The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts has held that the locality rule in regard to the standard of care of physicians and surgeons is no longer applicable. Brune v. Belinkoff, ___ Mass. ___, 235 N.E.2d 793 (1968)

A Study of Needs Assessment Methods Used for Program Development in Adult Education

The Problem. The problem of this study was to evaluate methods employed in identifying needs for program development in adult education among selected public community colleges in the United States. (Abstract shortened.

Motivations, Skills and Rewards: Social Workers’ Perspectives on Practice with Older Adults

This study explored social workers’ views about their motivations, skills and rewards in work with older adults and how to increase social workers’ interest in working with older adults. Seven masters level social workers who work with older adults and are members of an association of social workers who work with older adults in the community, participated in interviews about their practice. The participants emphasized the importance of empathy, listening and having knowledge about community resources as essential to competent work with older adults. The participants shared stories about how they developed an interest in working with older adults that reflected the importance of family, volunteer and work experiences. Each participant shared rewards they experienced such as being a resource in times of need, being present to listen, and being able to offer care and compassion. Implications for education and future research are highlighted as ways to engage future social workers in practice with older adults

A Cultural Examination of Hardiness: Associations with Self-Esteem, Wisdom, Hope, and Coping-Efficacy

It is imperative that college students cultivate and exhibit traits associated with resilience to successfully complete their course of study and to protect themselves against the onset of mental health issues. This study aimed to examine positive psychology variables in relation to resilience in order to find variables that promote resilience in college students. Wisdom, hope, and coping self-efficacy were examined amongst 436 undergraduate students. Ethnicity amongst the sample consisted with 136 self-reporting as African American (31.9%), 264 self-reporting as European American (60.6%), 3 self-reporting as Asian (0.7%), 2 self-reporting as Native American (0.5%), and 28 self-reporting as biracial (6.4%). Participants volunteered to take a survey, which provided the data for this study. Results suggested wisdom, hope, and coping self-efficacy were positively related to resilience. Regression analysis revealed coping self-efficacy and trait hope as unique predictors of resilience for African American students. Regression analysis also revealed wisdom as a unique predictor for European Americans, but not African Americans. This finding suggests the need for a measure of wisdom that is inclusive of African American values of wisdom. Further examination in these findings may ultimately lead to a better understanding of hardiness development during the collegiate years

Derivation of Source-Free Maxwell and Gravitational Radiation Equations by Group Theoretical Methods

We derive source-free Maxwell-like equations in flat spacetime for any helicity "j" by comparing the transformation properties of the 2(2j+1) states that carry the manifestly covariant representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group with the transformation properties of the two helicity "j" states that carry the irreducible representations of this group. The set of constraints so derived involves a pair of curl equations and a pair of divergence equations. These reduce to the free-field Maxwell equations for j=1 and the analogous equations coupling the gravito-electric and the gravito-magnetic fields for j=2.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Fabrication of minority-carrier-limited n-Si/insulator/metal diodes

A photoelectrochemical anodization technique has been used to fabricate n-Si/insulator/metal (MIS) diodes with improved electrical properties. MIS structures fabricated with Au have provided the first experimental observation of a solid-state n-Si surface barrier device whose open circuit voltage Voc is controlled by minority-carrier bulk diffusion/recombination processes. For these diodes, variation of the minority-carrier diffusion length and majority-carrier dopant density produced changes in Voc that were in accord with bulk diffusion/recombination theory. Additionally, the variation in Voc in response to changes in the work function of the metal overlayer indicated that these MIS devices were not subject to the Fermi level pinning restrictions observed for n-Si Schottky structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic characterization of the anodically grown insulator indicated 8.2±0.9 Å of a strained SiO2 layer as the interfacial insulator resulting from the photoanodization process