Environmental enteric dysfunction and child stunting

In 2017, an estimated 1 in every 4 (23%) children aged < 5 years were stunted worldwide. With slow progress in stunting reduction in many regions and the realization that a large proportion of stunting is not due to insufficient diet or diarrhea alone, it remains that other factors must explain continued growth faltering. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a subclinical state of intestinal inflammation, can occur in infants across the developing world and is proposed as an immediate causal factor connecting poor sanitation and stunting. A result of chronic pathogen exposure, EED presents multiple causal pathways, and as such the scope and sensitivity of traditional water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions have possibly been unsubstantial. Although the definite pathogenesis of EED and the mechanism by which stunting occurs are yet to be defined, this paper reviews the existing literature surrounding the proposed pathology and transmission of EED in infants and considerations for nutrition and WASH interventions to improve linear growth worldwide

Serializing sensation : the dynamics of genre in Victorian popular fiction

'Serializing Sensation' examines the correlation between two major trends of the mid- nineteenth century: sensation fiction and periodical serialization. The project studies five popular novels published during the 1860s and early 1870s within the original periodicals in which they were first published, evaluating how periodical location influenced contemporary readings and interpretations of the texts. Specifically, the study examines how the distinctive structure and identity of a periodical - its range of articles, the type of fiction it published, its readership - heightened, augmented, subverted, or enhanced the sensational attributes of the serialized novels. By doing so, the study endeavours to reconsider standard interpretations of the sensation genre and develop new methodological approaches to studying and evaluating the sensation novel. Overall, in reading the novels intertextually with the periodicals, the project aims to gain a more developed understanding of how the sensation genre engaged with some of the major cultural discourses of the period. By incorporating a mix of well-known novels and lesser-known texts, as well as a range of journals spanning from the popular to the political, the cross-sectional, comparative approach of the study allows the project to extend beyond authors, novels, and periodicals characteristically associated with the sensation genre. The variety of novels also provides a concentrated scrutiny of the sensational narrative techniques popularized in the 1860s, as well as the scope to examine how sensational methodology was rewritten and revised .as the sensational sixties gave way to the 1870s.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

From cabinets of curiosities to exhibitions : Victorian curiosity, curiousness, and curious things in Charlotte Brontë

This thesis intends to answers these questions: What did “curiosity” mean in the nineteenth century, and how do Charlotte Brontë's four major works represent such curiosity? How were women looked at, formulated, and situated under the nineteenth-century curious gaze? In order to answer these questions, this thesis examines Brontë's works by juxtaposing them with nineteenth-century exhibitions. Four chapters are thus dedicated to this study: in each a type of exhibition is contemplated, and in each the definition of “curiosity” is defined through the discussions of boundary-breaking. The first chapter discusses the metaphors of “cabinets of curiosities” throughout Brontë's texts. The most intimate and enclosed spaces occupied by women and / or their objects—attics, desks, drawers, lockets—are searched in order to reveal the secret relationship between Brontë's heroines and the objects they have hidden away, especially the souvenirs. From cabinets of curiosities the thesis moves to another space in which the mechanism of curiosity and display takes place—the garden. The second chapter thus discusses the supposed antithesis between the innocent and the experienced, between the Power of Nature and the Power of Man, by reading the garden imagery in Brontë's works along with nineteenth-century pleasure gardens and the Wardian case. The imagery of Eve is also taken into consideration to discuss the concept of innocence. In the third chapter, metaphors of waxworks and the Pygmalion myth are applied to discuss the image of women's bodies in Brontë's texts, and the boundary between the living body and the non-living statue is seen as blurred. In the final chapter, dolls' houses and their metaphors in Brontë's works are examined in order to explicate Brontë's concept of “home,” and the dolls' house thus poses a question on the relationships between the interior and the exterior, the gigantic and the miniature, and the domestic and the public spaces.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

History as gynealogy: A. s. byatt, tracy chevalier and ahdaf soueif

The article explores the use of the plot device of a female family line in three contemporary authors, relating it to the genre of the historical novel and postmodern narrative practices