Report on some experimental long-period seismographs

The unexpected usefulness in research of the Press-Ewing seismograph system (Press, Ewing and Lehner, 1958) has stimulated further efforts to obtain even higher seismograph sensitivity in the period range beyond 100 sec. A major difficulty has been in maintaining pendulum stability at long periods. This paper describes a stable long-period seismometer and gives results from several seismograph systems incorporating long-period pendulums and galvanometers

A portable strain meter with continuous interferometric calibration

A strain meter has been designed embodying techniques not used in earlier models. Minimum use of heavy and permanent auxiliary fixtures has made possible a portable instrument in which no components need be abandoned in order to change location. Provision for frequent or continuous interferometric calibration, and a photographic record therof, has provided uninterrupted strain measurements with long-term dependability. Also included is the usual continuous low-speed ink recorder for tidal and secular variations, and a high-gain band-pass recorder for the observation of long period waves and free oscillations of the earth. Details are given describing the method used for interpreting the interferometer image and its conversion to strain measurement

How to Manage Stored Grain

Spoilage, shrinkage and contamination in farm-stored grains are all costly to the owner. They result in weight losses, heavy market discounts when the grain is sold and loss in palatability as a livestock feed. When these losses occur, the discounts may be anywhere from a few cents to more than a dollar a bushel even for grain that looks all right without close inspection

Preearthquake and Postearthquake Creep on the Imperial Fault and the Brawley Fault Zone

Taken together, 12 years of alinement-array data, 4 years of creepmeter records from four instruments, and 2 years of surveys from two nail files suggests that creep events on the Imperial fault 2 to 5 months before the October 15 earthquake are consistent with longterm trends and not indicative of any imminent event. No discernible creep occurred on the fault in the hours and days before the earthquake. Records of coseismic displacement imply that response of the soil to the fault slip at depth was brittle rather than plastic; they uniquely demonstrate that the minimum rate of surface fault displacement was 1.8 cm/s. Continuing measurements of afterslip show that all motion is due to discrete 0.2- to 1.5-cm creep events occurring less frequently over time. The accumulating displacement for the first 35 days after the earthquake is well approximated by linear logarithmic functions of time. Use of this accumulating displacement to predict future slip rates implies that for 6 years the afterslip rate from the 1979 earthquake should be greater than the 0.5-cm/yr average preearthquake creep rate. The maximum amount of slip on the surface trace of the Imperial fault associated with the 1979 earthquake, including afterslip, amounts to more than 60 cm

Repeated creep events on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, California, Recorded by a strainmeter array

Following the 1966 Parkfield‐Cholame (California) earthquakes a creepmeter was installed across the fresh surface break of the San Andreas fault at Carr Ranch (now part of the Jack Ranch), 10 km southeast of Parkfield. It has recorded continuing slip which since the end of 1968 has occurred at about 10 mm yr^(−1), occurring primarily in discrete events at intervals of a few months. In April 1976 an array of four strainmeters was installed near this creepmeter at distances between 0.2 and 2.2 km from the fault to detect the elastic strain fields associated with creep events on the fault. Four similar sets of signals have since been observed on the strainmeter array, separated by intervals of 4 to 5 months. A week after three of these events, creep began at the Carr Ranch creepmeter, but no signals were detected by the strainmeters while the creepmeter was recording slip. Analysis of the strainmeter signals shows that they can be modeled by a slip zone on the fault 640 m long and extending from 30 to 510 m in depth, with right lateral slip of about 3.5 mm. Propagation of a dislocation from the lower northwest corner of the slip zone to the upper southeast corner is indicated. The phenomenon may be due to an asperity or an area of higher friction on the fault at Carr Ranch, which is repeatedly loaded to failure by steady slip on the fault around it. This is the first report of a well‐defined fault creep event which repeats itself with a high degree of similarity and which has been observed at a distance of over 2 km from the fault

Exhaled Nitric Oxide is Not a Biomarker for Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

To reduce transmission of tuberculosis (TB) in resource-limited countries where TB remains a major cause of mortality, novel diagnostic tools are urgently needed. We evaluated the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as an easily measured, noninvasive potential biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response in participants with pulmonary TB including multidrug resistant-TB in Lima, Peru. In a longitudinal study however, we found no differences in baseline median FeNO levels between 38 TB participants and 93 age-matched controls (13 parts per billion [ppb] [interquartile range (IQR) = 8-26] versus 15 ppb [IQR = 12-24]), and there was no change over 60 days of treatment (15 ppb [IQR = 10-19] at day 60). Taking this and previous evidence together, we conclude FeNO is not of value in either the diagnosis of pulmonary TB or as a marker of treatment response

Quasi-elastic polarization-transfer measurements on the deuteron in anti-parallel kinematics

We present measurements of the polarization-transfer components in the $^2$H$(\vec e,e'\vec p)$ reaction, covering a previously unexplored kinematic region with large positive (anti-parallel) missing momentum, $p_{\rm miss}$, up to 220 MeV$/c$, and $Q^2=0.65$ $({\rm GeV}/c)^2$. These measurements, performed at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI), were motivated by theoretical calculations which predict small final-state interaction (FSI) effects in these kinematics, making them favorable for searching for medium modifications of bound nucleons in nuclei. We find in this kinematic region that the measured polarization-transfer components $P_x$ and $P_z$ and their ratio agree with the theoretical calculations, which use free-proton form factors. Using this, we establish upper limits on possible medium effects that modify the bound proton's form factor ratio $G_E/G_M$ at the level of a few percent. We also compare the measured polarization-transfer components and their ratio for $^2$H to those of a free (moving) proton. We find that the universal behavior of $^2$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C in the double ratio $\frac{(P_x/P_z)^A}{(P_x/P_z)^{^1\rm H}}$ is maintained in the positive missing-momentum region