At the Wordface: J.R.R. Tolkien\u27s Work on the \u3ci\u3eOxford English Dictionary\u3c/i\u3e

A description of J.R.R. Tolkien’s time working on the Oxford English Dictionary together with a detailed analysis of the evidence for his contribution to the entries for individual words

E.M. Forster's Tea-Table

One may as well begin with an entry from Katherine Mansfield’s Journal. “E. M. Forster never gets any further than warming the teapot. He’s a rare fine hand at that. Feel this teapot. Is it not beautifully warm? Yes, but there ain’t going to be no tea.” What we could take from Mansfield’s frustration with E. M. Forster’s thwarted climaxes is the image of the table laid for tea: the teapot warmed up, but tea never poured out, perhaps not even made. That she blended this particular image into her comment should not surprise one for, indeed, Howards End abounds with the scenes constructed around the tea-table, in which, though, the actual repast matters little since food hardly gets mentioned and might even be completely forgotten. It is not on this account that the tea-table in Forster tantalises the reader and it is not in the apparent withholding of victuals that its inadequacy inheres for when food, whether in its ugliness or exquisiteness, monopolises the table, as it does on several occasions, its centrality comes to no good. Clearly, Forster does not conceive the tea-table as a gastronomic affair and if the teatable poses all sorts of difficulties and complications, whereby it often precariously tilts, this is because it is primarily a social situation, a locus and representation of domestic and public relations, a demonstration of how people are with one another

S-Plus for the analysis of biological data

[Extract] This manual is designed to teach people to use the statistical software S-Plus and to support the process of learning statistical concepts and methods. It is most useful as a workbook to accompany Whitlock and Schluter's The Analysis of Biological Data, published by Roberts & Company, Colorado. Although we include enough statistical background to put the procedures being demonstrated in context, we assume that readers will be acquiring most of their understanding of statistical concepts elsewhere

Gaius Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman aristocrat, politician, and general who used his military success to gain political dominance during the closing years of the Roman Republic. His Gallic Wars represent one of the largest acquisitions of territory by a single Roman general and brought Caesar the wealth, prestige, and veteran army that allowed him to establish himself through force as dictator in Rome. Far‐reaching political and social reforms followed, until on the eve of leaving Rome for a campaign against the Parthians, Caesar was assassinated by a conspiracy of former enemies and allies

The Roman Art of War: Theory and Practice. A Study of the Roman Military Writers

This thesis is a comparative study of the theory and practices of Roman warfare. The content of the various treatises, both extant and lost, is described, along with a discussion of the ancient traditions of textbook composition, their role in education and their possible practical use. The following chapters consider various aspects of Roman warfare for which sufficient historical and archaeological evidence exists and which are dealt with fully in the treatises. The size and internal organization of the different units of the Roman army are discussed with particular reference to the de munitionibus castrorum and Vegetius; a discussion of marching camps follows which considers the origins of these camps and an estimation at the density of soldiers per acre through the application of the rules of the de munitionibus castrorum to examples in Britain. The practices of the Roman army in the field are dealt with in the next three chapters., the order of march, pitched battles, and siege warfare. The first of these includes a discussion of Arrian's order of march and the relationship between the order of march and the line of battle whilst that on pitched battles considers the role of auxiliaries in the battles of the early Empire and the suggested reintroduction of the Greek style phalanx in the second century AD. The development of siege techniques, both offensive and defensive, is discussed, and this is followed by an analysis of the 'rules of war'. Although it is difficult to argue how much influence the treatises may have had on actual practices, the thesis illustrates the very close correlation between the treatises and actual field practices of the Roman army and shows that some of the treatises were of practical value

Gaius Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman aristocrat, politician, and general who used his military success to gain political dominance during the closing years of the Roman Republic. His Gallic Wars represent one of the largest acquisitions of territory by a single Roman general and brought Caesar the wealth, prestige, and veteran army that allowed him to establish himself through force as dictator in Rome. Far‐reaching political and social reforms followed, until on the eve of leaving Rome for a campaign against the Parthians, Caesar was assassinated by a conspiracy of former enemies and allies

Time to Listen: Most Regular Patrons of Music Venues Prefer Lower Volumes

High sound levels are a feature of nightclubs and live music venues, and therefore pose a risk to patrons’ hearing. As a result, these venues are often a focus area for hearing health promotion, and particular emphasis is placed on motivating patrons to take steps to reduce their noise exposure. In the current study, we approached this issue from a different angle. We asked whether sound levels in music venues accurately reflect the preferences of regular patrons, and examined their attitudes and preferences toward sound levels and protective listening behaviors. The study examined results from 993 regular patrons of nightclubs and live music venues, collected as part of an Australian online hearing health survey. Participants were asked about their participation at the two target venues, experiences of hearing difficulties, and risk perceptions. They were also asked about their preferences in relation to typical venue sound levels and beliefs about other attendees’ preferences. Results showed that while participants generally rated their hearing as good, the majority had experienced hearing difficulties following sound exposure at music venues. The majority of regular patrons were dissatisfied with current sound levels, with around three-quarters of participants reporting preferences below the levels typically experienced at music venues. Participants were generally aware of the risk posed by high sound levels and those who regarded themselves to be at greater risk from attending music venues were more likely to prefer lower sound levels. These findings have important consequences for the development of hearing health initiatives within entertainment venues. Rather than motivating patrons to change their behavior, encouraging venues to meet their patrons’ needs and preferences may be a more successful strategy. Venue operators may find that this approach has a positive impact not only on the hearing health of patrons, but also on the economic health of their venue. Ultimately, reducing the hearing risk in music venues may best be achieved not by telling people what to do, but by listening to what they actually want

Statistical Analysis Of Intercropping Data Using A Correlated Error Structure

Intercropping is an important farming system, especially in tropical regions. A statistical model with competition coefficients and correlated error structure is suggested for the analysis of data from intercropping experiments involving two crop species. Data from an intercropping experiment with pearl millet and sorghum genotypes are used to illustrate the technique

A graphical assessment of data from intercropping factorial experiments

A graphical method, based on bivariate analysis, is used to present yield data from intercropping experiments involving two crop species. The method is used to demonstrate two- and three-factor interactions in factorial experiment