Evaluation of environmentally friendly products for control of fungal diseases of grapes

Various environmentally friendly products were tested for efficacy in controlling powdery mildew, downy mildew, black rot, Phomopsis, and Botrytis bunch rot in grapes over several years. The products tested were: JMS stylet oil (paraffinic oil), Serenade (Bacillus subtilis), Croplife (citrus and coconut extract) + Plant food (foliar fertilizer), Armicarb (potassium bicarbonate), Elexa (chitosan), Milsana (giant knotweed extract), and AQ10 (Ampelomyces quisqua/is). JMS Stylet Oil, Armicarb, Serenade, AQ10, Elexa, and Milsana all provided moderate control of downy and powdery mildew. JMS Stylet Oil and Armicarb also reduced Phomopsis rachis infections. Armicarb looks especially promising for black rot control. Serenade and Croplife + Plantfood provided moderate to good control of Botrytis bunch rot, and moderate control of downy mildew and Phomopsis leaf spot. Milsana provided moderate control of Botrytis bunch rot. The tested products were often out-performed by standard or new products, especially under the humid conditions common in Michigan. However, some products appeared promising for certain diseases and merit further study, especially those that may be of interest to organic growers. Optimizing timing of these products may enhance their performance, since most of them are protectants and have little or no eradicant activity

Carbohydrate metabolism genes and pathways in insects: insights from the honey bee genome

Carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes may have particularly interesting roles in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, because this social insect has an extremely carbohydrate-rich diet, and nutrition plays important roles in caste determination and socially mediated behavioural plasticity. We annotated a total of 174 genes encoding carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and 28 genes encoding lipid-metabolizing enzymes, based on orthology to their counterparts in the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. We found that the number of genes for carbohydrate metabolism appears to be more evolutionarily labile than for lipid metabolism. In particular, we identified striking changes in gene number or genomic organization for genes encoding glycolytic enzymes, cellulase, glucose oxidase and glucose dehydrogenases, glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductases, fucosyltransferases, and lysozymes

Roadmap on established and emerging photovoltaics for sustainable energy conversion

Photovoltaics (PVs) are a critical technology for curbing growing levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and meeting increases in future demand for low-carbon electricity. In order to fulfill ambitions for net-zero carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) emissions worldwide, the global cumulative capacity of solar PVs must increase by an order of magnitude from 0.9 TWp in 2021 to 8.5 TWp by 2050 according to the International Renewable Energy Agency, which is considered to be a highly conservative estimate. In 2020, the Henry Royce Institute brought together the UK PV community to discuss the critical technological and infrastructure challenges that need to be overcome to address the vast challenges in accelerating PV deployment. Herein, we examine the key developments in the global community, especially the progress made in the field since this earlier roadmap, bringing together experts primarily from the UK across the breadth of the PVs community. The focus is both on the challenges in improving the efficiency, stability and levelized cost of electricity of current technologies for utility-scale PVs, as well as the fundamental questions in novel technologies that can have a significant impact on emerging markets, such as indoor PVs, space PVs, and agrivoltaics. We discuss challenges in advanced metrology and computational tools, as well as the growing synergies between PVs and solar fuels, and offer a perspective on the environmental sustainability of the PV industry. Through this roadmap, we emphasize promising pathways forward in both the short- and long-term, and for communities working on technologies across a range of maturity levels to learn from each other

Bidens cernua L.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/5251/thumbnail.jp

Bidens cernua L.

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/5251/thumbnail.jp

cernua

Bidens cernua Linnaeusnodding beggarticks;nodding burr marigold;sticktight;pitchforkbident penché;fourchettesBidens cernuaBarrie Lake, W of Galtalong margin of lake in black muckAbundan

cordifolia

Arnica cordifolia Hookerheart-leaved arnica;heart-leaved leopardbanearnica à feuilles cordéesArnica cordifoliaCassiar Dist. ; Upper Peak Lake just west of Peak Lake, NW side of Lake. Toodoggone River Map 94Ewet1250 m.in spruce fores

angustifolium

Eriophorum angustifolium Honckenynarrow-leaved cottongrass;tall cottongrass;thin-scale cottongrass;common cottongrass;many-spiked cottongrassEriophorum angustifoliumKatharine Lake Bay near outlet stream. Toodoggone River Map 94E.Small bog and some open water1400 metresSphagnumOnly species of Eriophorum in bog