Democratic Banner August 17, 1852

The Democratic Banner was a newspaper published weekly in Mount Vernon, Ohio. It later became the Mt Vernon Democratic Banner in December of 1853.https://digital.kenyon.edu/banner1852/1003/thumbnail.jp

Large sets with small doubling modulo p are well covered by an arithmetic progression

We prove that there is a small but fixed positive integer e such that for every prime larger than a fixed integer, every subset S of the integers modulo p which satisfies |2S|<(2+e)|S| and 2(|2S|)-2|S|+2 < p is contained in an arithmetic progression of length |2S|-|S|+1. This is the first result of this nature which places no unnecessary restrictions on the size of S.Comment: 16 page

A Structure Theorem for Small Sumsets in Nonabelian Groups

Let G be an arbitrary finite group and let S and T be two subsets such that |S|>1, |T|>1, and |TS|< |T|+|S|< |G|-1. We show that if |S|< |G|-4|G|^{1/2}+1 then either S is a geometric progression or there exists a non-trivial subgroup H such that either |HS|< |S|+|H| or |SH| < |S|+|H|. This extends to the nonabelian case classical results for Abelian groups. When we remove the hypothesis |S|<|G|-4|G|^{1/2}+1 we show the existence of counterexamples to the above characterization whose structure is described precisely.Comment: 23 page

Nickel exsolution driven phase transformation from an n=2 to an n=1 Ruddlesden Popper manganite for methane steam reforming reaction in SOFC conditions

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: S. Vecino-Mantilla, P. Gauthier-Maradei, M. Huvé, J. M. Serra, P. Roussel, G. H. Gauthier, ChemCatChem 2019, 11, 4631, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201901002. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] An original way to perform the exsolution of Ni nanoparticles on a ceramic support was explored for the development of methane steam reforming catalyst in SOFC anode conditions. The n=2 Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase La1.5Sr1.5Mn1.5Ni0.5O7 +/-delta has been synthesized by the Pechini method and subsequently reduced with an H-2-N-2 mixture at different temperatures and reducing times to induce the formation of two phases: LaSrMnO4 (n=1 RP) decorated with metallic Ni nanoparticles. Preliminary measurements of catalytic behavior for the steam reforming have been carried out in a reduction-reaction process with a mixture of 82 mol %CH4, 18 mol %N-2 and low steam to carbon ratio (S/C=0.15). The catalyst exhibits a selectivity for CO production (0.97), 14.60 mol % CH4 conversion and around 24.19 mol % H-2 production. Such catalytic behavior was maintained for more than 4 h, with a constant rate of hydrogen production and CH4 conversion rate.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Colombian Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation COLCIENCIAS (Project #110265842833 "Symmetrical high temperature Fuel Cell operating with Colombian natural gas" (contract #038-2015) and S. Vecino-Mantilla's Ph.D. scholarship (call #647)) and of the Spanish National Research Council CSIC (Project #COOPA20112). The authors are also grateful to UIS' X-Ray Laboratory (Parque Tecnologico Guatiguara) for XRD measurements, UPV's Electronic Microscopy Laboratory for the FESEM analysis, and finally to Margarita Vecino-Mantilla, Carolina Cardenas-Velandia, Santiago Paez-Duque, Ivan Suarez-Acelas (UIS), Maria Fabuel (UPV) and Olivier Gardoll (UCCS) for their contribution to materials synthesis and characterization. As well as Santiago Palencia, Monica Sandoval (UIS) and Caroline Pirovano (UCCS) are warmly acknowledged for useful discussions.Vecino-Mantilla, S.; Gauthier-Maradei, P.; Huvé, M.; Serra Alfaro, JM.; Roussel, P.; Gauthier, GH. (2019). Nickel exsolution driven phase transformation from an n=2 to an n=1 Ruddlesden Popper manganite for methane steam reforming reaction in SOFC conditions. ChemCatChem. 11(18):4631-4641. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201901002S463146411118Ghezel-Ayagh, H., & Borglum, B. P. (2017). Review of Progress in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells at FuelCell Energy. 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How much can changes in the agro-food system reduce agricultural nitrogen losses to the environment? Example of a temperate-Mediterranean gradient

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and nitrate (NO3-) leaching from agriculture cause severe environmental hazards. Research studies and mitigation strategies have mostly focused on one of these nitrogen (N) losses at a time, often without an integrated view of the agro-food system. Yet, at the regional scale, N2O, NH3, and NO3 loss patterns reflect the structure of the whole agro-food system. Here, we analyzed at the resolution of NUTS2 administrative European Union (EU) regions, N fluxes through the agro-food systems of a Temperate-Mediterranean gradient (France, Spain, and Portugal) experiencing contrasting climate and soil conditions. We assessed the atmospheric and hydrological N emissions from soils and livestock systems. Expressed per ha agricultural land, NH3 volatilization varied in the range 6.2-44.4 kg N ha(-1) yr(-) 1, N2O emission and NO3 leaching 0.3-4.9 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and 5.4-154 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) respectively. Overall, lowest N2O emission was found in the Mediterranean regions, where NO3 leaching was greater. NH3 volatilization in both temperate and Mediterranean regions roughly follows the distribution of livestock density. We showed that these losses are also closely correlated with the level of fertilization intensity and agriculture system specialization into either stockless crop farming or intensive livestock farming in each region. Moreover, we explored two possible future scenarios at the 2050 horizon: (1) a scenario based on the prescriptions of the EU-Farm-to-Fork (F2F) strategy, with 25% of organic farming, 10% of land set aside for biodiversity, 20% reduction in N fertilizers, and no diet change; and (2) a hypothetical agro-ecological (AE) scenario with generalized organic farming, reconnection of crop and livestock farming, and a healthier human diet with an increase in the share of vegetal protein to 65% (i. e., the Mediterranean diet). Results showed that the AE scenario, owing to its profound reconfiguration of the entire agro-food system would have the potential for much greater reductions in NH3, N2O, and NO3 emissions, namely, 60-81% reduction, while the F2F scenario would only reach 24-35% reduction of N losses

Distinction between Pore Assembly by Staphylococcal α-Toxin versus Leukotoxins

The staphylococcal bipartite leukotoxins and the homoheptameric α-toxin belong to the same family of β-barrel pore-forming toxins despite slight differences. In the α-toxin pore, the N-terminal extremity of each protomer interacts as a deployed latch with two consecutive protomers in the vicinity of the pore lumen. N-terminal extremities of leukotoxins as seen in their three-dimensional structures are heterogeneous in length and take part in the β-sandwich core of soluble monomers. Hence, the interaction of these N-terminal extremities within structures of adjacent monomers is questionable. We show here that modifications of their N-termini by two different processes, using fusion with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and bridging of the N-terminal extremity to the adjacent β-sheet via disulphide bridges, are not deleterious for biological activity. Therefore, bipartite leukotoxins do not need a large extension of their N-terminal extremities to form functional pores, thus illustrating a microheterogeneity of the structural organizations between bipartite leukotoxins and α-toxin

On the critical pair theory in abelian groups : Beyond Chowla's Theorem

We obtain critical pair theorems for subsets S and T of an abelian group such that |S+T| < |S|+|T|+1. We generalize some results of Chowla, Vosper, Kemperman and a more recent result due to Rodseth and one of the authors.Comment: Submitted to Combinatorica, 23 pages, revised versio

REFORMS: Reporting Standards for Machine Learning Based Science

Machine learning (ML) methods are proliferating in scientific research. However, the adoption of these methods has been accompanied by failures of validity, reproducibility, and generalizability. These failures can hinder scientific progress, lead to false consensus around invalid claims, and undermine the credibility of ML-based science. ML methods are often applied and fail in similar ways across disciplines. Motivated by this observation, our goal is to provide clear reporting standards for ML-based science. Drawing from an extensive review of past literature, we present the REFORMS checklist ($\textbf{Re}$porting Standards $\textbf{For}$ $\textbf{M}$achine Learning Based $\textbf{S}$cience). It consists of 32 questions and a paired set of guidelines. REFORMS was developed based on a consensus of 19 researchers across computer science, data science, mathematics, social sciences, and biomedical sciences. REFORMS can serve as a resource for researchers when designing and implementing a study, for referees when reviewing papers, and for journals when enforcing standards for transparency and reproducibility

The new CCSDS standard for low-complexity lossless and near-lossless multispectral and hyperspectral image compression

This paper describes the emerging Issue 2 of the CCSDS-123.0-B standard for low-complexity compression of multispectral and hyperspectral imagery, focusing on its new features and capabilities. Most significantly, this new issue incorporates a closed-loop quantization scheme to provide near-lossless compression capability while still supporting lossless compression, and introduces a new entropy coding option that provides better compression of low-entropy data