Les revenus et la langue : le cas de la capitale nationale

Cette étude analyse les disparités linguistiques de revenus des hommes dans la région Ottawa-Hull à partir des données du recensement de 1981. Après avoir fait dans un premier temps quelques comparaisons de revenus moyens, l’étude procède ensuite au moyen de l’analyse de régression. La variable dépendante est le logarithme du revenu du travail en 1980 et les variables indépendantes sont l’éducation, l’expérience, le nombre de semaines travaillées, le statut matrimonial, le bilinguisme et le transfert linguistique. Étant donné l’importance du gouvernement fédéral comme employeur dans la région, une analyse spéciale est faite avec les travailleurs du secteur public. Parmi les conclusions qui se dégagent de l’analyse, on note que les francophones ont des niveaux de scolarité beaucoup plus faibles que ceux des anglophones et que le bilinguisme, contrairement à ce qui a été observé ailleurs, ne semble pas avoir un effet net positif sur le revenu des francophones. Ce dernier fait peut être attribué au faible nombre de francophones unilingues et à la présence d’un biais de sélection. Par contre, la connaissance du français aurait un effet net positif sur le revenu des anglophones, particulièrement ceux qui travaillent dans le secteur public.This paper studies earnings disparities by language group for males in the Ottawa-Hull region using data from the 1981 census. After in a first stage making comparisons of mean earnings, the study then proceeds with regression analysis. The dependent variable is the logarithm of earnings in 1980 and the independent variables are education, experience, number of weeks worked, marital status, bilingualism and language shift. Given the importance of the federal government as an employer in the region, a special analysis is done with workers in the public sector. Among the conclusions of the analysis, it is noted that Francophones have much lower education levels than Anglophones, and that bilingualism does not seem to affect positively the earnings of the Francophones, contrary to what was observed elsewhere. This latter result can be attributed to the small number of unilingual Francophones and to the presence of a selection bias. The knowledge of French, however, affects positively the earnings of Anglophones, especially those who work in the public sector

Les revenus et la langue : le cas de la capitale nationale

This paper studies earnings disparities by language group for males in the Ottawa-Hull region using data from the 1981 census. After in a first stage making comparisons of mean earnings, the study then proceeds with regression analysis. The dependent variable is the logarithm of earnings in 1980 and the independent variables are education, experience, number of weeks worked, marital status, bilingualism and language shift. Given the importance of the federal government as an employer in the region, a special analysis is done with workers in the public sector. Among the conclusions of the analysis, it is noted that Francophones have much lower education levels than Anglophones, and that bilingualism does not seem to affect positively the earnings of the Francophones, contrary to what was observed elsewhere. This latter result can be attributed to the small number of unilingual Francophones and to the presence of a selection bias. The knowledge of French, however, affects positively the earnings of Anglophones, especially those who work in the public sector. Cette étude analyse les disparités linguistiques de revenus des hommes dans la région Ottawa-Hull à partir des données du recensement de 1981. Après avoir fait dans un premier temps quelques comparaisons de revenus moyens, l’étude procède ensuite au moyen de l’analyse de régression. La variable dépendante est le logarithme du revenu du travail en 1980 et les variables indépendantes sont l’éducation, l’expérience, le nombre de semaines travaillées, le statut matrimonial, le bilinguisme et le transfert linguistique. Étant donné l’importance du gouvernement fédéral comme employeur dans la région, une analyse spéciale est faite avec les travailleurs du secteur public. Parmi les conclusions qui se dégagent de l’analyse, on note que les francophones ont des niveaux de scolarité beaucoup plus faibles que ceux des anglophones et que le bilinguisme, contrairement à ce qui a été observé ailleurs, ne semble pas avoir un effet net positif sur le revenu des francophones. Ce dernier fait peut être attribué au faible nombre de francophones unilingues et à la présence d’un biais de sélection. Par contre, la connaissance du français aurait un effet net positif sur le revenu des anglophones, particulièrement ceux qui travaillent dans le secteur public.

Men’s help-seeking attitudes in rural communities affected by a natural disaster

The article describes a mixed methods study of help-seeking in men living in the Chilean Central Valley, following exposure to a major earthquake event in 2010. The results identify that, within the sample, positive attitudes toward help-seeking correlated with younger age, higher education levels, above-average incomes, and stable personal relationships. It appears that education plays a significant role in shaping such positive attitudes, particularly by influencing views of gender roles and help-seeking. Conversely, older men’s reticence toward seeking help appeared linked to negative perceptions of available services and the influence of traditional notions of masculinity. The study concludes that adapting interventions and service offers to men’s needs in rural contexts must include an ecosystemic analysis of their reality and incorporate an understanding of masculinity socialization processes

Concentration of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) modulates the activation level of the RcsCD RcsB phosphorelay in the phytopathogen bacteria Dickeya dadantii

International audienceOsmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are general constituents of many Proteobacteria. Synthesis of these oligosaccharides is repressed by increased osmolarity of the medium. OPGs are important factors required for full virulence in many zoo-or phytopathogens including Dickeya dadantii. The phytopathogen enterobacterium D. dadantii causes soft-rot disease on a wide range of plant species. The total loss of virulence of opg-negative strains of D. dadantii is linked to the constitutive activation of the RcsCD RcsB phosphorelay highlighting relationship between this phosphorelay and OPGs. Here we show that OPGs control the RcsCD RcsB activation in a concentration-dependent manner, are required for proper activation of this phosphorelay by medium osmolarity, and a high concentration of OPGs in planta is maintained to achieve the low level of activation of the RcsCD RcsB phosphorelay required for full virulence in D. dadantii

Earthquake disasters and the long-term health of rural men in Chile : a case study for psychosocial intervention

The article focuses on the long-term health of a rural male population exposed to a major earthquake event in Chile, in 2010. The results show that a majority of the male study participants considered that their physical and mental health had deteriorated over a 7-year span following the earthquake and that these impacts were strongest in men aged 65 years or more. In considering potential lessons for intervention, the results must be interpreted within the context of the construction of male identities in a rural community, informed by generally conservative values and binary male-female gender roles. The article concludes that health and social services workers and administrators providing interventions to male populations following earthquake must work to reduce the gap between the service offer and men’s real needs, which are frequently insufficiently understood and inadequately coded