Relative entropy minimizing noisy non-linear neural network to approximate stochastic processes

A method is provided for designing and training noise-driven recurrent neural networks as models of stochastic processes. The method unifies and generalizes two known separate modeling approaches, Echo State Networks (ESN) and Linear Inverse Modeling (LIM), under the common principle of relative entropy minimization. The power of the new method is demonstrated on a stochastic approximation of the El Nino phenomenon studied in climate research

The Role of Middlemen inEfficient and Strongly Pairwise Stable Networks

We examine the strong pairwise stability concept in network formation theory under collective network benefits.Strong pairwise stability considers a pair of players to add a link through mutual consent while permitting them to unilaterally delete any subset of links under their control.We examine the properties of strongly pairwise stable networks and find that players in middleman positions, who have the power to break up the network into multiple components, play a critical role in such networks.We show that for the component-wise egalitarian rule there is no conflict between the efficient and stable networks when these middlemen have no incentive to break up the network. Finally, we examine efficiency and stability in middleman-free networks.networks;stability

Le navettage et la tarification du transport par automobile en milieu urbain

This article deals with the importance of commuting by automobile in metropolitan areas of Canada. Several characteristics of commuting trips are examined, particularly in the context of trips to work. Existing pricing arrangements are criticized and alternatives suggested. Although no single change would be optimal, some form of cross-subsidization between private and public transportation would improve efficiency

From Classical State-Swapping to Quantum Teleportation

The quantum teleportation protocol is extracted directly out of a standard classical circuit that exchanges the states of two qubits using only controlled-NOT gates. This construction of teleportation from a classically transparent circuit generalizes straightforwardly to d-state systems.Comment: Missing daggers added to Figures 13, 14, and 15. Otherwise this is the version that appeared in Physical Revie

Le navettage et la tarification du transport par automobile en milieu urbain

This article deals with the importance of commuting by automobile in metropolitan areas of Canada. Several characteristics of commuting trips are examined, particularly in the context of trips to work. Existing pricing arrangements are criticized and alternatives suggested. Although no single change would be optimal, some form of cross-subsidization between private and public transportation would improve efficiency.

Le droit des valeurs mobilières et les placements privés

The overwhelming control of the different North American securities commissions over the capital market compels businessmen and corporate lawyers to a permanent search for new means to avoid the registration and prospectus requirements of the acts. The authors try in this article to analyse the private placement exemption which seems to be most frequently relied upon. They discuss its development since the United States Supreme Court's decision in Ralston Purina. They explain the pros and cons of the subjective « need to know » and the capability of investors to « fend for themselves » tests as well as their byproducts. The recent and certainly more objective standards adopted by the S.E.C. and Ontario are also discussed. Finally, the resale of the restricted securities acquired in a private placement transaction is studied. In this context, the Quebec law is hardly adequate and needs substantial clarifications

Oil, Gas and Minerals: The Impact of Resource-Dependence and Governance on Sustainable Development

It has often been argued that oil, gas and minerals may have a negative impact on development as measured by income per capita. This does not say much about sustainability, which is critical for developing countries whose economic growth derives primarily from the exploitation of exhaustible resources