Correlates of Depression in Young Adult Caregivers

This research examined depression in young adult caregivers. It was hypothesized that levels of depression in 18 to 40 year olds who provided care to older adult family members would be similar to depression levels of middle age adult caregivers. This study also examined the relationship between depression, gender, employment, physical health, and relationships. Participants included 172 young adult caregivers that were employees of one of three mid-west universities or colleges. All employees in the young adult age range were contacted and provided with a survey packet. The survey included the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and predictor variable information developed from previous research. One o f the most important conclusions o f the current study is the recognition that young adult caregivers do suffer from depression at rates comparable to middle age caregivers. Unfortunately this means that young adults who provide care to older adults are emotionally taxed at a greater rate than their cohorts. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed caregiver gender, income, and length of time providing care were significant predictors; however the most important predictors of depression were caregiver health, and employment impact. Previous research on depression in caregivers suggested that gender was one of the strongest predictors of depression, in conjunction with relationships. Health and employment also played a role in middle age caregiver depression but not at the same level. Gender was a contributing factor in depression among young adult caregivers; however, the current study found that the most significant factors were health and employment. The current findings supported previous caregiver research that hypothesized that young adult caregivers were different than middle age caregivers because they were dealing with different developmental expectations. The impact of employment fits this model; unfortunately the importance o f relationships does not. Surprisingly, the only relationship factor associated with depression was length of time as a caregiver

Economic Efficiency and Takeover Bid Regulation

In recent years a number of scholars have debated the economic efficiency of takeover-bid legislation and of permissible defensive tactics taken by the management of takeover target corporations. This article reviews and comments on this literature and draws attention to a number of empirical questions raised by the debate. It concludes that the important outstanding issues are: i) the degree to which takeover rules interfere with the deterrence of management inefficiency, and ii) the cost of allocating assets to their most highly-valued uses through competitive bidding as opposed to the likelihood and cost of retransfers of assets after takeovers without competitive bidding

Economic Efficiency and Takeover Bid Regulation

In recent years a number of scholars have debated the economic efficiency of takeover-bid legislation and of permissible defensive tactics taken by the management of takeover target corporations. This article reviews and comments on this literature and draws attention to a number of empirical questions raised by the debate. It concludes that the important outstanding issues are: i) the degree to which takeover rules interfere with the deterrence of management inefficiency, and ii) the cost of allocating assets to their most highly-valued uses through competitive bidding as opposed to the likelihood and cost of retransfers of assets after takeovers without competitive bidding

Implementation Challenges and Training Needs for Comprehensive School Counseling Programs in Wisconsin High Schools

The data from this study details the challenges to implementing comprehensive school counseling programs in Wisconsin high schools. Results suggest that current professional development training practices may be ineffective in assisting high school counselors to implement key components of the ASCA National Model in their schools. This article discusses obstacles to conducting more rigorous, statewide evaluations, and describes connections to markers of student success

Volunteering Engagement: The effects of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes worldwide through lockdowns and social distancing measures; these changes have been felt heavily in the non-profit sector. For example, the pandemic has prevented the use of traditional methods of volunteering where work is carried out in person or on location. However, the non-profit sector has used virtual volunteering through online social networks and video conferencing (e.g. Zoom) to share knowledge and communicate with the community to maintain relationships. This research aims to understand the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the non-profit sector and the role/benefit virtual volunteering can provide going forward. Using a case study covering the UCI Road World Championships in Wollongong 2022, this paper provides an example of the current state of traditional volunteering within Australia and the use of online social networks to help promote the event by finding traditional volunteers to assist with the event

Performance of formulae based estimates of glomerular filtration rate for carboplatin dosing in stage 1 seminoma

<b>Background:</b> Single cycle carboplatin, dosed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is standard adjuvant therapy for stage 1 seminoma. Accurate measurement of GFR is essential for correct dosing. Isotopic methods remain the gold standard for the determination of GFR. Formulae to estimate GFR have improved the assessment of renal function in non-oncological settings. We assessed the utility of these formulae for carboplatin dosing.<p></p> <b>Methods:</b> We studied consecutive subjects receiving adjuvant carboplatin for stage 1 seminoma at our institution between 2007 and 2012. Subjects underwent 51Cr-ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) measurement of GFR with carboplatin dose calculated using the Calvert formula. Theoretical carboplatin doses were calculated from estimated GFR using Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology (CKD-EPI), Management of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockcroft–Gault (CG) formulae with additional correction for actual body surface area (BSA). Carboplatin doses calculated by formulae were compared with dose calculated by isotopic GFR; a difference <10% was considered acceptable.<p></p> <b>Results:</b> 115 patients were identified. Mean isotopic GFR was 96.9 ml/min/1.73 m2. CG and CKD-EPI tended to overestimate GFR whereas MDRD tended to underestimate GFR. The CKD-EPI formula had greatest accuracy. The CKD-EPI formula, corrected for actual BSA, performed best; 45.9% of patients received within 10% of correct carboplatin dose. Patients predicted as underdosed (13.5%) by CKD-EPI were more likely to be obese (p = 0.013); there were no predictors of the 40.5% receiving an excess dose.<p></p> <b>Conclusions:</b> Our data support further evaluation of the CKD-EPI formula in this patient population but clinically significant variances in carboplatin dosing occur using non-isotopic methods of GFR estimation. Isotopic determination of GFR should remain the recommended standard for carboplatin dosing when accuracy is essential.<p></p&gt

Canadian and U.S. Antitrust Law--Areas of Overlap between Anitrust and Import Relief Laws

Competition and Dispute Resolution in the North American Context and antitrust and free trade zone