Improving estimates of the number of fake leptons and other mis-reconstructed objects in hadron collider events: BoB's your UNCLE. (Previously "The Matrix Method Reloaded")

We consider current and alternative approaches to setting limits on new physics signals having backgrounds from misidentified objects; for example jets misidentified as leptons, b-jets or photons. Many ATLAS and CMS analyses have used a heuristic matrix method for estimating the background contribution from such sources. We demonstrate that the matrix method suffers from statistical shortcomings that can adversely affect its ability to set robust limits. A rigorous alternative method is discussed, and is seen to produce fake rate estimates and limits with better qualities, but is found to be too costly to use. Having investigated the nature of the approximations used to derive the matrix method, we propose a third strategy that is seen to marry the speed of the matrix method to the performance and physicality of the more rigorous approach.Comment: v1 :11 pages, 5 figures. v2: title change requested by referee, and other corrections/clarifications found during review. v3: final tweaks suggested during review + move from revtex to jhep styl

Using Data to Integrate School Counseling Field Experiences Into a Partner School Network

The College of Education (COE) coordinates field experiences and clinical practice for teacher education through its Partner School Network (PSN) and the Office of College of Education Services and Field Experiences (SAFE). The Partner School Network is made up of school personnel within the CSU service area who have agreed to collaborate with the COE in designing, delivering, and evaluating field experiences and clinical practice. Exceptions are made when students are employed in a school system outside the PSN. In recent semesters, the M.Ed. School Counseling program has been integrated into certain aspects connected with the PSN. Most notably, the placement process for school counseling field experiences within the PSN has become more efficient due, in part, to decisions grounded in data obtained by the SAFE Office and School Counseling Program faculty. For example, these data sources help in identifying which sites contain interested and qualified prospective supervisors and in providing feedback from advisory committee members to enhance program development related to clinical field experiences

Using the plan–do–study–act (PDSA) cycle to make change in general practice

As new members of the team, GP trainees can provide a fresh perspective on practice systems. They are, therefore, ideally placed to enact change within practices. However, GP trainees may feel ill-equipped to suggest and deliver change to their practices. This article will explore the concept of change management using the plan–do–study–act cycle and consider how to initiate change by providing a structure to guide the process

Influence of Start-Up Time on the Purging of Salt Water From a Cavity by an Overflow of Fresh Water

This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation of a flow in which salt water is purged from a square cavity by an overflow of fresh water. Ramp inlet velocity boundary conditions are used in order to describe the influence of the start up time on the amount of saline water purged from the cavity in the initial splash. As the time to start-up is increased, the volume of saline liquid purged from the pool is decreased. This has important implications in the management of river systems and the potential to purge the saline water within the river base by an environmental release, where it is expected that the time to startup is measured in days

A Potassium Based Fluorine Containing Bioactive Glass for Use as a Desensitizing Toothpaste

Potassium releasing bioactive glasses (BAGs) may offer improved relief for dentine hypersensitivity compared to conventional sodium containing BAGs by releasing K+ ions for nerve desensitization and occluding dentinal tubules to prevent fluid flow within dentinal tubules. Potassium oxide was substituted for sodium oxide on a molar basis in a fluoride containing BAG used in toothpastes for treating dentine hypersensitivity. The BAG powders were then immersed in an artificial saliva at pH 7 and tris buffer and the pH rise and ion release behavior were characterized by ICP-OES and ISE. The potassium and sodium containing BAGs were characterized by XRD, DSC, FTIR and NMR. Both BAGs presented amorphous diffraction patterns and the glass transition temperature of the potassium glass was higher than that of the sodium glass. The 31P MAS-NMR spectra indicated a peak at 2.7 ppm corresponding to apatite and a small peak at −103 ppm indicated crystallization to fluorapatite. Both BAGs dissolved and formed apatite at similar rates, although the dissolution of the potassium glass was slightly slower and it released less fluoride as a result of partial nanocrystallization to fluorapatite upon quenching. The potassium release from the potassium ions could potentially result in nerve deactivation when used in toothpastes