26,356 research outputs found
Tax Distortions and Global Climate Policy
We consider the efficiency implications of policies to reduce global carbon emissions in a world with pre-existing tax distortions. We first note that the weak double-dividend, the proposition that the welfare improvement from a tax reform where environmental taxes are used to lower distorting taxes must be greater than the welfare improvement from a reform where the environmental taxes are returned in a lump sum fashion, need not hold in a world with multiple distortions. We then present a large-scale computable general equilibrium model of the world economy with distortionary taxation. We use this model to evaluate a number of policies to reduce carbon emissions. We find that the weak double dividend is not obtained in a number of European countries. Results also demonstrate the point that the interplay between carbon policies and pre-existing taxes can differ markedly across countries. Thus one must be cautious in extrapolating the results from a country specific analysis to other countries.
Tax Distortions and Global Climate Policy
We consider the efficiency implications of policies to reduce global carbon emissions in a world with pre-existing tax distortions. We first note that the weak double-dividend, the proposition that the welfare improvement from a tax reform where environmental taxes are used to lower distorting taxes must be greater than the welfare improvement from a reform where the environmental taxes are returned in a lump sum fashion, need not hold in a world with multiple distortions. We then present a large-scale computable general equilibrium model of the world economy with distortionary taxation. We use this model to evaluate a number of policies to reduce carbon emissions. We find that the weak double dividend is not obtained in a number of European countries. Results also demonstrate the point that the interplay between carbon policies and pre-existing taxes can differ markedly across countries. Thus one must be cautious in extrapolating the results from a country specific analysis to other countries.
Accuracy thresholds of topological color codes on the hexagonal and square-octagonal lattices
Accuracy thresholds of quantum error correcting codes, which exploit
topological properties of systems, defined on two different arrangements of
qubits are predicted. We study the topological color codes on the hexagonal
lattice and on the square-octagonal lattice by the use of mapping into the spin
glass systems. The analysis for the corresponding spin glass systems consists
of the duality, and the gauge symmetry, which has succeeded in deriving
locations of special points, which are deeply related with the accuracy
thresholds of topological error correcting codes. We predict that the accuracy
thresholds for the topological color codes would be for the
hexagonal lattice and for the square-octagonal lattice,
where denotes the error probability on each qubit. Hence both of them are
expected to be slightly lower than the probability for the
quantum Gilbert-Varshamov bound with a zero encoding rate.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, the previous title was "Threshold of topological
color code". This is the published version in Phys. Rev.
Thermodynamics of nuclei in thermal contact
The behaviour of a di-nuclear system in the regime of strong pairing
correlations is studied with the methods of statistical mechanics. It is shown
that the thermal averaging is strong enough to assure the application of
thermodynamical methods to the energy exchange between the two nuclei in
contact. In particular, thermal averaging justifies the definition of a nuclear
temperature.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
On the derivation of Fourier's law in stochastic energy exchange systems
We present a detailed derivation of Fourier's law in a class of stochastic
energy exchange systems that naturally characterize two-dimensional mechanical
systems of locally confined particles in interaction. The stochastic systems
consist of an array of energy variables which can be partially exchanged among
nearest neighbours at variable rates. We provide two independent derivations of
the thermal conductivity and prove this quantity is identical to the frequency
of energy exchanges. The first derivation relies on the diffusion of the
Helfand moment, which is determined solely by static averages. The second
approach relies on a gradient expansion of the probability measure around a
non-equilibrium stationary state. The linear part of the heat current is
determined by local thermal equilibrium distributions which solve a
Boltzmann-like equation. A numerical scheme is presented with computations of
the conductivity along our two methods. The results are in excellent agreement
with our theory.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Journal of Statistical Mechanics
(JSTAT
The Preparation and Analysis of Monobromoamine, Dibromoamine, Monochloroamine, and Nitrosylchloride
Monobromoamine and dibromoamine were prepared in ether solution by the reaction of bromine with ammonia in ether solution at the temperature attainable with a mixture of dry ice and acetone. An ethereal solution of monochloroamine in concentration of one mole per liter was prepared by the action of sodium hypochlorite on ammonia. Pure liquid nitrosyl chloride was prepared by the action of dry hydrogen chloride with nitrosyl sulfuric acid. Apparatus and methods for the preparation, purification, and analysis of these substances were illustrated and described
Formation of Heterocyclic Compounds From Haloamines
N-chloro-N-methyl-n-butylamine has been prepared and found to be a relatively stable substance. Ring closure was effected by heating this compound with concentrated sulfuric acid, N-methylpyrrolidine being formed in 45 per cent yields
Promiscuous, non-catalytic, tandem carbohydrate-binding modules modulate the cell-wall structure and development of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants
We have compared heterologous expression of
two types of carbohydrate binding module (CBM) in tobacco
cell walls. These are the promiscuous CBM29
modules (a tandem CBM29-1-2 and its single derivative
CBM29-2), derived from a non-catalytic protein1, NCP1,
of the Piromyces equi cellulase/hemicellulase complex,
and the less promiscuous tandem CBM2b-1-2 from the
Cellulomonas fimi xylanase 11A. CBM-labelling studies
revealed that CBM29-1-2 binds indiscriminately to every
tissue of the wild-type tobacco stem whereas binding of
CBM2b-1-2 was restricted to vascular tissue. The promiscuous
CBM29-1-2 had much more pronounced effects on
transgenic tobacco plants than the less promiscuous
CBM2b-1-2. Reduced stem elongation and prolonged
juvenility, resulting in delayed flower development, were
observed in transformants expressing CBM29-1-2 whereas
such growth phenotypes were not observed for CBM2b-1-2
plants. Histological examination and electron microscopy
revealed layers of collapsed cortical cells in the stems of
CBM29-1-2 plants whereas cellular deformation in the
stem cortical cells of CBM2b-1-2 transformants was less
severe. Altered cell expansion was also observed in most
parts of the CBM29-1-2 stem whereas for the CBM2b-1-2
stem this was observed in the xylem cells only. The cellulose
content of the transgenic plants was not altered.
These results support the hypothesis that CBMs can modify
cell wall structure leading to modulation of wall loosening
and plant growth
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