Studying stirred yogurt microstructure and its correlation to physical properties : a review

Microstructure is an important part of the understanding and the control of food properties as rheological properties, water holding and sensory properties. Stirred yogurt microstructure is being under study for decades. Observations at several length scales have been used to probe the structure. Some methods using optical techniques were recently introduced to provide a quick microstructure assessment of stirred yogurt. This review aims to provide a description of stirred yogurt microstructure and a short overview of the main techniques to characterize stirred yogurt microstructure allowing to highlight their complementarity. In general, stirred yogurt microstructure is described as a suspension of interconnected microgels into a continuous serum phase. While the relationship between yogurt microstructure and its physical and sensory properties has been discussed in numerous reviews, models or studies the impact of microgels sizes on rheological properties, water holding capacity, and creaminess, has not always been confirmed. Even if, other features such as microgels aggregation, shape, and compaction have shown to be involved in sensory or physical properties of stirred yogurt gel, a challenge remains for the characterization of microstructural characteristics of microgels without destructuring the network

Soins et soutien dans la communauté : Pour une reconnaissance des pratiques citoyennes développées par les groupes de personnes aidantes

Les OBNL de personnes aidantes regroupent principalement des femmes dispensant des soins et du soutien dans la communauté à des proches dépendants. Ils contribuent au développement social de leurs collectivités. Dans le cadre d’une recherche menée auprès des groupes OBNL membres du Regroupement des aidants naturels du Québec (RANQ), deux aspects du développement social ont été observés. L’appartenance à ces OBNL apporte de nombreux bénéfices à caractère individuel, principalement grâce aux activités et services dispensés par les groupes ainsi qu’à l’intégration assurée par la participation des membres à la vie même du groupe et l’accès à ses activités et services. Ces OBNL jouent aussi un rôle au plan collectif, par une intégration à des réseaux de la société civile.Membership of informal caregivers community groups is mainly made of women giving care and support in the community to dependent next of kin. These groups strenghten social development in their community. Two aspects of social development have been observed out of datas from a research on the community groups members of the Regroupement des aidants naturels du Québec (RANQ). Members can draw individual benefits from activities and services of these community groups, and from integration to the life of the group itself. Collective benefits can also be identified by an integration of these groups to civil society networks

Sortir de table : les performances alimentaires de Carmen Miranda, Louise Mercille et des religieuses du Moyen Âge

Ce mémoire explore la rencontre entre la nourriture et la performance, ce que nous avons convenu d'appeler la ±performance alimentaire», à partir des films de Carmen Miranda, des performances d'art de Louise Mercille et des comportements des religieuses du Moyen Âge. Les trois corpus sont jumelés respectivement à trois activités de la subsistance, soit faire l'épicerie, préparer la nourriture et manger et signalent les activités parallèles à la consommation de la nourriture--les déplacements gastronomiques--qu'opèrent ces femmes. Sortir de table examine les activités qui sont parallèles à et autour de la consommation et identifie les trajectoires empruntées par les femmes pour contourner les lieux communs de la nourriture et de la performance. Pratiques sensuelles du corps, les performances alimentaires des femmes éclairent les conditions que partagent la nourriture et la performance (ici médiations) en manifestant publiquement les procédés de la disparition et de la répétition

Carrières criminelles collectives : évolution d’une population délinquante (groupes de motards)

Co-offending has not been a major area of research for students of crime careers. This paper, however, offers a preliminary analysis of an extensive set of intelligence files gathered by law enforcement agencies on biker groups over a 14 year period (1974-1988). Data has been collected on size, location, network status, life span and degree of crime involvement of 62 criminally involved adult biker groups having operated in Eastern Canada (Quebec) during that period. Findings show a substantial drop in participating groups. Further, remaining groups have not become larger as shown by the equally substantial drop in the overall core underworld biker population. Alternative explanatory accounts for this overall drop are considered

Identification of protein markers for extracellular vesicle (EV) subsets in cow’s milk

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes, are small membrane vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communications that modulate numerous biological processes. We previously discovered a new EV subset in milk (sedimenting at 35,000 g; 35 K) that protected its cargo (RNAs and proteins) during simulated digestion and was more enriched in microRNAs than exosomes (sedimenting at 100 K). Here, we used LC-MS/MS to push further the comparison between these two pellets. Commonly used EV markers were not differentially enriched between the pellets, questioning their use with cow's milk EVs. Similarly, the majority of the quantified proteins were equally enriched between the two pellets. Nevertheless, 20 proteins were specific to 35 K, while 41 were specifically enriched in 100 K (p < 0.05), suggesting their potential use as specific markers. Loaded with these proteins, the EVs in these pellets might regulate translation, proliferation and cell survival for 35 K, and metabolism, extracellular matrix turnover and immunity for 100 K. This approach also brought new insights into milk EV-associated integrins and their possible role in specifically targeting recipient cell types. These findings may help better discriminate between milk EVs, improve our understanding of milk EV-associated protein function and their possible use as therapeutic tools for the management of immunity- and metabolism-associated disorders

Characterization of syneresis phenomena in stirred acid milk gel using low frequency nuclear magnetic resonance on hydrogen and image analyses

Water retention is an important quality attribute for yogurt. Classically, stirred yogurt water retention is investigated using induced syneresis measurement (centrifugation), which does not characterize spontaneous syneresis. Low-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-LF-NMR) is a non-destructive technique to detect spontaneous syneresis. Experimental yogurt from pasteurized skim milk, and commercial stirred yogurts were analyzed with 1H-LF-NMR. After Laplace's transformation of the signal, hydrogen atoms pools were differentiated according to their mobility. Each hydrogen pool stood for a type of water mobility in the matrices characterized by a relaxation time (T2(i)), and a signal intensity (I2(i)). Yogurt water retention was assessed by induced syneresis and their structure was characterized using microscopy. Low frequency 1H-NMR detected four different water mobility groups in the matrices. Among these, there was a signal from bulk water, and another attributed to the separated serum (spontaneous syneresis). In experimental yogurts, spontaneous syneresis was visible, resulting in induced syneresis higher than 50%. Moreover, induced syneresis and spontaneous syneresis detected by 1H-LF-NMR were similar. In commercial yogurts, bulk water mobility reduced with increasing protein content and protein network density. Induced syneresis and bulk-water mobility correlated only in yogurts without gelatin. In the presence of gelatin, the network was more open, probably favoring bulk water mobility. This study shows that 1H-LF-NMR associated with microscopy image analysis efficiently assesses and describes yogurts water retention and spontaneous syneresis

Les échanges de données de circulation : que retenir des projets européens du 4ème PCRD ?

Après un rappel du rôle des échanges de données dans l'exploitation de la route en France et plus généralement dans les transports, ce rapport souligne l'importance de ces échanges pour l'Union Européenne et cite les projets du 4ème PCRD à participation française qui ont contribué à ce thème prioritaire. Il identifie également les partenaires de ces échanges, leurs objectifs et les besoins des utilisateurs. Ensuite, il décrit les systèmes expérimentés dans ces projets européens et dresse un bilan de leur fonctionnement ainsi que des organisations mises en place. Enfin, il récapitule les avancées auxquelles ont contribué les partenaires français de ces projets et esquisse une liste des chantiers futurs à engager pour que les échanges automatisés de données puissent se généraliser et ainsi servir efficacement l'exploitation de la route et plus généralement, la gestion des déplacement

Sensing of endogenous nucleic acids by ZBP1 induces keratinocyte necroptosis and skin inflammation

Aberrant detection of endogenous nucleic acids by the immune system can cause inflammatory disease. The scaffold function of the signaling kinase RIPK1 limits spontaneous activation of the nucleic acid sensor ZBP1. Consequently, loss of RIPK1 in keratinocytes induces ZBP1-dependent necroptosis and skin inflammation. Whether nucleic acid sensing is required to activate ZBP1 in RIPK1-deficient conditions and which immune pathways are associated with skin disease remained open questions. Using knock-in mice with disrupted ZBP1 nucleic acid–binding activity, we report that sensing of endogenous nucleic acids by ZBP1 is critical in driving skin pathology characterized by antiviral and IL-17 immune responses. Inducing ZBP1 expression by interferons triggers necroptosis in RIPK1-deficient keratinocytes, and epidermis-specific deletion of MLKL prevents disease, demonstrating that cell-intrinsic events cause inflammation. These findings indicate that dysregulated sensing of endogenous nucleic acid by ZBP1 can drive inflammation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of IL-17–driven inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis

La route intelligente : les communications dédiées à courte distance

Parmi les technologies utilisables pour la liaison sol-véhicule, les communications dédiées à courte distance se positionnent comme un média susceptible d'offrir un potentiel intéressant.Cependant, les capacités réelles des DSRC à supporter d'autres applications que le télépéage pour lequel elles sont particulièrement bien adaptées, sont encore confuses . Pourtant, les DSRC sont fréquemment associées au concept route intelligente qui impose une multitude d'applications juxtaposées utilisant le même lien de communication.Ce document présente un examen de la norme DSRC, ainsi qu'une analyse des applications et des expérimentations actuellement en service.Dans un second temps, un panorama des applications envisageables sur un lien DSRC est établi.Ce travail est une aide à la sélection de la ou des technologies les plus performantes, afin de déterminer celles qui pourront supporter un déploiement opérationnel

Non-persistent exposures from plasticizers or plastic constituents in remote Arctic communities : a case for further research

BACKGROUND: Persistent organic pollutant exposures are well-documented in the Arctic, but fewer studies examined non-persistent chemicals, despite increased market food and consumer product consumption. OBJECTIVE: To measure phenol, paraben, phthalate, and alternative plasticizer concentrations in Inuit adults. METHODS: The study included 30 pooled urine samples from Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey (Q2017) participants. Creatinine-adjusted geometric mean concentrations (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared across sex, age, and regions, and compared to those in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) and the First Nations Biomonitoring Initiative (FNBI). RESULTS: Q2017 bisphenol-A concentrations were double the CHMS 2018–2019 concentrations [GM (95% CI): 1.98 (1.69–2.31) versus 0.71 (0.60–0.84) µg/g creatinine], but in line with FNBI [1.74 (1.41–2.13) µg/g creatinine]. Several phthalate concentrations were higher in Q2017 versus CHMS, particularly monobenzyl phthalate, which was was 19-fold higher in Q2017 versus CHMS 2018–2019 [45.26 (39.35–52.06) versus 2.4 (2.0–2.9) µg/g creatinine] and four-fold higher than FNBI. There were also four-fold higher concentrations of the two alternate plasticizer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TIXB) metabolites in Q2017 compared to CHMS 2018–2019. Women and people living in Ungava Bay had generally higher concentrations of non-persistent chemicals. SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest higher concentrations of certain non-persistent chemicals in Inuit versus the general Canadian population. IMPACT: Few studies have explored non-persistent chemical distributions in Northern communities, despite the increasing consumer product and market food consumption. We analyzed 30 pooled samples from the Qanuilirpitaa? Nunavik Inuit Health Survey 2017 to assess exposures to common plasticizes and plastic constituents and compare their levels with the general Canadian population and First Nation groups. We observed particularly higher levels of bisphenol-A, of monobenzyl phthalate, and of two 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) metabolites among Nunavimmiut compared to the general Canadian population, notably among women and Ungava Bay residents. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings and identify potential adverse health effects from these exposures