The government of the state of Israel.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for a single aerosol particle

A spectrometer is reported here for obtaining the infrared spectrum of a single aqueous aerosol particle by a Fourier transform technique. The particle is held in an electrodynamic balance and irradiated simultaneously by the infrared output from a Michelson interferometer and the visible light from a dye laser. The size of the particle is modulated by chopping the IR beam, and the resulting visible scattered light fluctuation is detected at 90° with a photomultiplier tube. The amplitude of the scattered light fluctuation is measured with a lock-in amplifier at each interferometer mirror position. The electronic circuitry for stepping the interferometer mirror is presented and discussed. Inverting the lock-in signal by a discrete fast Fourier transform routine (FFT) yields the particle absorption spectrum. The resulting spectrum for an (NH4)2SO4 droplet is presented

Generation of Electrical Power by a Wind Turbine for Charging Moving Electric Cars

This research targets the design of a wind turbine that will be mounted on the electric car to generate electrical power to charge the car batteries when in motion. The turbine is positioned on the roof of the car near the wind screen, where the velocity of air flowing around the car is highest due to its aerodynamic nature. A portable horizontal axis diffuser augmented wind turbine is adopted for the design since that is able to produce a higher power output as compared to the conventional bare type wind turbine. The air current is generated by the car when it begins to move. A frame is provided on the roof of the car to serve as a support for the turbine. Through the theoretical calculation on the power generated from the wind, a significant amount of electrical power (about 3.26 kW) is restored to the batteries when the car is moving at a speed of 120 km/h. Keywords: Wind Turbine, Diffuser, Power, Electric Car, Batteries

IBIBIO WORLDVIEW ON PARENTING AND CHILDCARE IN EFFIONG JOHNSON'S SON OF THE LAND

Several traditional African cultures share the worldview that children are special gifts from the gods to the land and so attach enormous attention to their up-keep and upbringing. They are not entirely the sole responsibility of the parents only but are effectively conceived of as belonging to the community. This worldview specifically places the child under the guardianship or tutelage of a parent, a step-parent or any adult with familial connections or ties to the child, who must raise him/ her in line with community values and mores, to be a responsible son or daughter of the land. As such, the welfare, well-being as well as training of children from infancy or childhood to adulthood is shaped both by the parent or guardian, (nuclei or extended) family, and the community at large. These institutions -family and community- work hand-in-hand in determining the child's nurturance and socialization experiences. While the community sets the standards in terms of moral and acceptable codes of behaviour and/ or taboos; the family ensures that the child lives up to these societal set patterns, norms and values. The parent or guardian, thus, functions as an interface or compass that directs, links, and molds the child’s behaviour within the family unit to the expected standards of the community. Failure in this regard or deviance does not only earn the parent, guardian or family overt social criticism but the community, as well, shares the opprobrium and also bears the consequences of such deviation. This complex process of interaction and learning is what sociologists have come to define as the "Socialization process". Thus, as drama is basically a social art which imitates or mirrors the society in which it is written or produced either overtly or covertly, this paper shall examine this sociological issue as portrayed in Effiong Johnson's play Son of the Land, using the textual analysis methodology. The paper shall recommend a more inclusive-exclusive, dynamic and multifarious approach to parenting and child care in the context of deeply-held cultural notions and praxis

Effect of GSM Radiation on White Blood Cells

The effect of continuous-wave radiation on peripheral blood in albino mice was investigated. A radiation frequency of 2450MHz was applied at an average power density of induced field 10mW/cm2. Ten 13 week old albino mice with average body mass of 35.0g were divided into 3 groups, preliminary group, control group, C and the irradiated group, E. Two (2) mice were used for preliminary studies, four (4) were kept to serve as control batch, and four (4) were exposed to microwaves for 60 days, at 2 hours per day. Peripheral blood samples were taken immediately after irradiation on the 1st, 16th, 32nd and the 60th day of the experiment. The total white blood cells count of both control, C batch and exposed, E batch, as well as the differential white blood cells count were investigated. The morphology of cells was also observed, during each session of the investigation in comparison with control C batch. The results revealed a decrease in the total white cell count which consistently continued in irradiated E batch from the 1st day of irradiation in the sample of the irradiated E batch in comparison with the control C batch samples. Slight increase in relative proportion of the neutrophil was observed in E batch sample in comparison with the C batch samples. Our investigation confirms wave exposure affects the white blood cells parameters of exposed animals

Sustainable Economic Development Routes in Sub-Sahara Africa: A Dynamic Long-Run Relationship Analysis of Fiscal Policy, Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between fiscal policy, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions in the sub-Saharan African region. Approach/Methodology/Design: The cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag, common correlated effect means group, and the augmented mean group were used to analyze the long-run effect of fiscal policy, and energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions for the period 1990–2018. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that expansionary fiscal policy drives carbon dioxide emissions, while contractionary fiscal policy mitigates carbon dioxide emissions for the sub-Sahara African region. The study's findings also indicate that an increase in renewable energy consumption help reduce carbon dioxide emissions, while non-renewable energy consumption causes carbon emissions to rise. Similar results were obtained for the various income-based economies except upper-middle-income economies that recorded insignificant long-run effect of fiscal policy, renewable energy and non-renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions. Practical Implications: The significant role of expansionary and contractionary fiscal policies established from this study’s results indicate the possibility of economic managers of various nations to promote sustainable development through fiscal policy implementations. Thus, governments of various economies could use fiscal policy especially expenditure as a tool to ensure sustainable development. Originality/value: This study innovates by employing econometric tools that deal with the problem of cross-sectional dependence that may exist among the study variables. This study innovatively considers the income levels of the selected countries to ascertain the role of income levels in the dynamic relationships between fiscal policy and carbon emissions, which is novel in this area of study within the Sub-Saharan African region

What you don't see can hurt you : awareness cues to profile indirect competitors

The awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework instructs firms to be aware of rivals, yet it offers limited guidance on how to profile those who are not yet rivals but stand to become so. Because rivals are embedded in dyads, triads, tetrads, etc., amultilevel view can unearth awareness cues that specify a hostility profile and make the awareness construct prescient. Studying thousands of competitive encounters over 10 years, we show that, at the firm and dyad levels, diversification and asymmetric pressure (differential exposure to competitive pressure) are reliable cues predicting competitive encounters. At the network level, convergence drives triadic encounters (competition with a rival's rival), and the degree of separation among indirect competitors defines the outer bounds of the hostility profile. Specifically, direct rivals and second- and third-degree indirect competitors merit awareness-more distal players do not. Together, the awareness cues and hostility profile delineate the conceptual bound within which awareness is prescient and beyond which it is misplaced. Challenging several assumptions, our study shows that an arena view assists in predicting cross-industry competition; applying firm, dyad, and network levels of analysis is advisable to better foresee competition; and indirect competitors are "profilable," allowing us to "see" rivals even before they strike

Identification Now and in the Future: Social Grant Distribution Process in South Africa

Abstract. This paper seeks to apply Identity Management (IDM) principles to the social grant distribution process in South Africa, which has been prone to fraud and corruption. It discusses the social grant distribution process and the problems encountered. Suggested solutions to the problems are highlighted and these include moving from an Isolated IDM architecture to either a Federated and/or Centralised IDM architecture