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Development and Characterization of Morinda Citrifolia Phytosomal Gel for Topical Application
INTRODUCTION:Herbal medicine is one of the oldest and most universal system of health care system. The
advancement in the field of herbal drug delivery started recently with the aim to manage human
diseases efficiently. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the world
populations presently use herbal medicine for primary health care. Every nation is seeking health
care beyond the traditional boundaries of modern medicine; turning to self medication in the
form of herbal remedies. Modern herbal medicine is based upon the combination of traditional
knowledge, clinical experience, understanding of medicinal science and scientific evidence of
herbal medicine. People are slowly and gradually switching to alternative forms of medicine.
One of these many alternative therapies include herbal system of medicine. It is made of from an
extract taken from the plant parts (leaf, root, flower and bark). They are absolutely natural and
safe form of curing illness form occurring repeatedly. They help in curing the ailment and are
also known to prevent the illness from occurring repeatedly. Herbal medicines may have long
curing periods, but they eradicate the illness from it and prevent any future episodes of the
same. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae), commonly known as Noni, has been extensively used in folk
medicine by the Polynesians for over 2000 years. It is having a high demand as an alternative
medicine due to its use as antioxidant, anti fungal , anti bacterial, anti-inflammatory, liver
protective, anticancer, analgesic, immunomodulatory, anti viral and wound healing effects etc.
Phytochemical investigations have shown that noni contains a number of phenolic compounds,
in particular, coumarins , flavonoids, and iridoids which are reported to have various
pharmacological effects .
However, these phytoconstituents are poorly absorbed either due to their large molecular size,
which cannot be absorbed by passive diffusion or due to their poor lipid solubility, thus severely
limiting their ability to transport across lipid-rich biological membranes, resulting in their poor
bioavailability.
Phytosomes are vesicular drug delivery systems which incorporate plant extracts or water soluble
phytoconstituents into phospholipids to produce lipid compatible molecular complexes. They
provide better absorption and bioavailability than the conventional herbal extracts.
The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate topical phytosomal gel of Woodfordia
fruticosa with an objective to increase its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
The objectives of the study are:
• To formulate phytosomes containing Morinda citrifolia extract
• To characterize the prepared phytosomes using various methods like , entrapment
efficiency , percentage yield , solubility, drug content , in vitro drug diffusion studies , exvivo
permeation study vesicular shape, and physical stability of phytosomes,
To prepare phytosomal gel containing Morinda citrifolia extract
To carry out pH, spreadability coefficient, extrudability, drug content, rheological
studies and in-vitro drug diffusion study and drug release kinetic data analysis of the
optimized formulation of phytosomal gel containing Morinda citrifolia extract. To carry out the stability studies on the optimized formulation of phytosomes as per ICH
guidelines. SUMMARY: Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) have been used for thousands of years for the treatment of many
health problems including cancer, cold, diabetes, flu, hypertension and pain. Scientific
investigations reported its antioxidant, antifungal , anti bacterial, anti-inflammatory, liver
protective, anticancer, analgesic, immunomodulatory, anti viral and wound healing activities.
Even though extracts have reported several therapeutic benefits, but extraction of individual
compound from it often exhibits limited clinical utility as the synergistic effect of various natural
ingredients gets lost and the various phytoconstituents present in it are poorly absorbed either
due to their large molecular size, which cannot be absorbed by passive diffusion or due to their
poor lipid solubility, thus severely limiting their ability to transport across lipid-rich biological
membranes, resulting in their poor bioavailability.
Phytosome technology has proved to be beneficial in providing better absorption and
bioavailability of polar biomolecules over conventional herbal extracts. Hence the present study
was aimed to prepare and evaluate topical phytosomal gel of Morinda citrifolia with an objective
to increase its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSION: 1. The phytosomal formulations were subjected to various studies like percentage yield ,
solubility, drug content , entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release studies. 2. The optimized formulation was further subjected to ex-vivo skin permeation study and
SEM analysis.
3. The prepared gel formulations was evaluated for pH, spreadability coefficient,
extrudability, drug content, rheological studies and in-vitro drug diffusion study.
4. Release kinetic data revealed that the gel followed Higuchi model kinetics with non-
Fickian diffusion of drug.
5. Stability studies were carried out at accelerated temperature 40oC ± 20C, 70% RH ±5%
for 45 days. There were no significant changes in the homogeneity, drug content, pH,
spreadability, extrudability, viscosity and in-vitro diffusion profile
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