Promoting Gender and Building Peace: Evolving Norms and International Practices

The United Nations (UN) has incorporated a strong gender perspective into its peacekeeping operations (PKO) based on a renewed focus on women\u27s rights and participation in peace processes. These efforts are part of a complex organizational learning process in which women\u27s central role in peace processes and the increasing efforts to respond to conflict-related sexual violence have become a central component of the organization\u27 s strategy to build a lasting peace. The underlying logic is that it is only after an equitable society is founded and when the other half of the population\u27s voice has been included in the political life of the state that peace can genuinely be accomplished. Nonetheless, the UN\u27s impact on the ground is difficult to measure and remains limited. While member states have unanimously endorsed these policies aimed at reducing gender inequalities and embedded them in the organization\u27s resolutions and peace operations mandates, the equal status of women promoted in these policies is in direct contrast with women\u27s status within a majority of the member countries. This dissertation argues that the UN\u27s renewed focus on gender as a means to build a lasting peace has had limited results due to member states\u27 inability or unwillingness to adopt gender approaches themselves, along with other factors such as the persistence of patriarch-based and weak institutions in intervened societies, volatile security environments and lack of resources. In order to assess this argument, the UN\u27s organizational learning process will be evaluated through an analysis of how gender-sensitive practices were incorporated to peace processes at headquarters, member states and mission levels. For this purpose, an analysis of the UN\u27s normative framework (resolutions, guidelines, training modules, etc) and states\u27 compliance will be carried out along with an evaluation of the advances for the implementation of these renewed practices in two case studies: United Nations Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) and the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)

Building Brazil’s National Action Plan: lessons learned and opportunities

Brazil’s National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security (NAP) was launched on 8 March 2017 – International Women’s Day – in the midst of a major political crisis that affected the content of the Plan and engagement of key institutions such as the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and the Secretariat for Women’s Policies (SPM, from Portuguese). Still, active engagement by the military and foreign service and compromises between stakeholders enabled the development of the Plan. While a strong emphasis on Brazil’s international undertakings was upheld, the domestic challenges confronted by Brazilian women living in extremely unsafe areas of the country were left out, as were other central issues, including trafficking of women, the impact of armed violence and organised crime. Towards the end of the process, civil society participation and the inclusion of a monitoring and evaluation system were undermined by the rise of a conservative tone within ministries participating in the ministerial working group tasked with the responsibility of drafting the NAP

Revistas 2.0: Veja e Época na nova era da web

O surgimento da segunda geração de serviços na internet, denominada Web 2.0, possibilitou a ampliação de espaços de interatividade no ambiente web, ao introduzir novas formas de organização, compartilhamento e publicação de informações. Na base dos novos aplicativos, está a participação dos usuários, estimulados a utilizar serviços a partir da plataforma web e a contribuir com a produção de conteúdo. Este trabalho pretende estudar como as ferramentas características da Web 2.0 influenciaram o modelo de site e de jornalismo online de Veja e Época, as duas maiores publicações do meio revista no Brasil

The route of antimicrobial resistance from the hospital effluent to the environment: focus on the occurrence of KPC-producing Aeromonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae in sewage

We investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile and the occurrence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Gram-negative rods in sewage samples obtained from a Brazilian teaching hospital and from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that receives it for treatment. We identified multidrug-resistant bacteria as well as KPC-2-producing Aeromonas spp. and several Enterobacteriaceae species, including Kluyvera spp., in the hospital effluent and in different sites of the WWTP. Most isolates showed the bla(KPC-2) gene harbored on a transposon that was carried by conjugative plasmids. the presence of KPC production among Aeromonas spp., Kluyvera spp., and other Enterobacteriaceae indicates the adaptability of such isolates to aquatic environments, not only in the hospital effluent but also throughout the WWTP. Although secondary treatment seems to decrease the amount of KPC producers in sewage, multidrug-resistant isolates are continually disposed in the urban river. Thus, sewage treatment regulations are urgently needed to decelerate the evolution of antimicrobial resistance beyond hospitals. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Sanofi-AventisThermo FisherbioMerieuxUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Infectol, Lab ALERTA, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol Paulo de Goes, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, São Paulo, BrazilFundacao Parque Zool São Paulo, Lab Microbiol Aplicada, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Infectol, Lab ALERTA, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biofis, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2009/11051-0CNPq: 307816/2009-5CNPq: 302981/2011-0Web of Scienc

Voz e trabalho: estudo dos condicionantes das mudanças a partir do discurso de docentes

This study aims to analyze, by means of manifestation of worsening or improvement in work ability, the aspects conditioning changes in the relation between work and voice, according to the discourse of teachers working at the municipal education network of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were female teachers who, when comparing with a previous research, had greater difference both in terms of worsening (Group A) and improvement (Group B) in the results of the Work Ability Index. They were invited to discuss which aspects could explain the improvement or worsening in these results, in a focus group context. The reports were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed, according to the recurrence of utterances. We found out that group A showed a worse health status and it had a greater need to talk about difficulties at work. Group B showed more strength to face problems related to work, including creative proposals. In favor of Group B, better work relationships were also registered concerning social support and autonomy.O objetivo deste estudo é analisar, a partir da manifestação de piora ou melhora de capacidade para o trabalho, os aspectos condicionantes de mudanças na relação entre trabalho e voz, segundo o discurso de docentes da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo. Participaram as professoras que, em comparação com pesquisa anterior, apresentaram maior diferença tanto para piora (Grupo A) como para melhora (Grupo B) nos resultados do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho. Elas foram convidadas a discutir quais aspectos poderiam explicar a melhora ou piora desses resultados, em um contexto de grupo focal. Os relatos foram transcritos e analisados qualitativamente, segundo a recorrência dos enunciados. Constatou-se que o grupo A apresentou condição mais adoecida e maior necessidade de falar sobre as dificuldades no trabalho. O Grupo B apresentou mais força para enfrentar os problemas referentes ao trabalho, inclusive propostas criativas. A favor do Grupo B, também foram registradas melhores relações no trabalho quanto ao apoio social e autonomia

Saponinas antifúngicas de Swartzia langsdorffii

Chromatographic fractionation of the EtOH extract from the leaves of Swartzia langsdorffii afforded the pentacyclic triterpenes oleanolic acid and lupeol, and two saponins: oleanolic acid 3-sophoroside and the new ester 3-O-b-D-(6'-methyl)-glucopyranosyl-28-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanate. Their structures were elucidated from spectral data, including 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Antifungal activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated, using phytopathogens Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum, and human pathogens Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans