Aspectos bioecológicos de Stellifer rastrifer (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) na Baía de Santos, SP

As many as 7,260 specimens of the sciaenid Stellifer rastriferwQTG collected through a monthly beach seine and bottom trawl survey in the complex bay-estuary of Santos and São Vicente, between March 1985 and May 1986. The occurrence, abundance, length frequency, influence of environmental factors, length-weight relationship, growth, recruitment and mortality were analysed..?, rastrifer occurred year-round and was more abundant and frequent in fall at west side of medium and inner stracta. Young of the year was first caught from January to May in deeper water areas and later they were found in shallow areas low with salinity and high temperature. The low catches found in spring may be related to a massive emigration to open sea (summer spawning). S. rastrifer showed higher values for growth coefficient and for total mortality and exploitation rates.Através de um programa de amostragem, com arrastos de praia e de fundo, no complexo baía-estuário de Santos e São Vicente, de março de 1985 a maio de 1986, foram capturados 7.260 exemplares de Stellifer rastrifer. Nesse trabalho foram analisados a ocorrência, a abundância, a distribuição de comprimentos, a influência de fatores ambientais, a relação peso/comprimento, o crescimento, o recrutamento e a mortalidade. S. rastrifer foi capturada na região durante todo o período e foi mais abundante e freqüente no outono, no lado oeste dos setores mediano e interno. Jovens do ano foram capturados primeiramente de janeiro a maio nas zonas mais profundas, migrando posteriormente para zonas mais rasas, de águas mais quentes e doces. As baixas capturas encontradas na primavera podem estar relacionadas com uma emigração em massa ao oceano, decorrentes de uma desova de verão. S. rastrifer apresentou altos valores do coeficiente de crescimento e das taxas de mortalidade total e de explotação

Análise comparativa da ictiofauna da zona de arrebentação de praias arenosas do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

This study analyses the composition, relative abundance, seasonal patterns and community structure indices of surf-zone fishes at Ilha Comprida, Santos and São Vicente, and Vermelha do Sul and Félix, South, Central and North regions, respectively, of São Paulo State. A total of 54,384 individuals of 99 species was captured, the highest values of relative abundance, number of species, genera, families and exclusive taxa were observed at Central Region, and the lowest ones at South Region. The relative abundance and diversity indices showed the same pattern for all regions, with higher values in summer-fall (higher values of water and air temperature and rainfall and lower salinity), and lower ones in winter-spring (lower values of water and air temperature and rainfall, and higher salinity). Faunal similarity increased from species to family, being lower between Central and North and higher between South and Central regions.Este trabalho analisa a composição, a abundância relativa, os padrões temporais e os índices da estrutura das comunidades de peixes da zona de arrebentação das praias da Ilha Comprida, Santos e São Vicente, e Vermelha do Sul e Félix, litorais sul, central e norte, respectivamente, do Estado de São Paulo. No total foram capturadas 99 espécies de peixes, compreendendo 54.384 indivíduos coletados em 1.275 arrastos. Os maiores valores da abundância relativa, do número de espécies, de gêneros, de famílias e de táxons exclusivos foram obtidos no litoral central e os menores no litoral sul. A abundâcia relativa e os índices de diversidade apresentaram o mesmo padrão sazonal para as três áreas, com maiores valores no verão-outono (maiores valores das temperaturas da água e do ar e da precipitação, e menores valores da salinidade), e menores no inverno-primavera (menores valores das temperaturas da água e do ar e da precipitação, e maiores valores da salinidade). A similaridade faunal aumentou do nível de espécie à família, sendo menor entre o litoral central e o litoral norte e maior entre o litoral sul e o litoral central

Scianed fishes (Teleostel: Perciformes) from Baía de Santos (SP), Brazil

The purpose of this study was to describe the occurrence and the spatial partitioning of the most abundant juvenile sciaenid fishes in the Bay of Santos, based upon the variability in the occurrence and abundance and influence of environmental factors. Monthly diurnal beach seine haul and bottom trawl samples were made between March 1985 and May 1986. Twenty species of sciaenid fishes were collected in the region, all occurrying in bottom trawls and nine of them in beach seine hauls. Among them, Stellifer rastrifer, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Micropogonias furnieri, Stellifer brasiliensis, Menticirrhus americanus and Menticirrhus littoralis were found year-round and constituted more than 90 % of total catches from the Bay of Santos and adjacent beach region; their coexistence was possible due to seasonal and spatial differences in relative abundance and due to water temperature and salinity influence. S. rastrifer occurred mainly in bottom trawls, during winter, in colder waters with medium depth and salinity and in all strata. /. parvipinnis, P. brasiliensis and S. brasiliensis occurred mainly in bottom trawls, during winter, spring and fall, respectively, in colder, deeper and saltier waters and in outer strata. M. furnieri and M. americanus occurred in bottom trawls and beach seine hauls and, mainly, during summer, in warmer, shallower and with less salinity waters and in inner strata. A/, littoralis occurred mainly in beach seine hauls, during winter, in colder waters and in all sample stations.A fim de se determinar os padrões de distribuição e de repartição temporal e espacial das espécies de peixes da família Sciaenidae na Baía de Santos, foram efetuadas amostras mensais diurnas com arrastos de praia e de fundo, de março de 1985 a maio de 1986. O estudo foi baseado na comparação das variações espaciais e temporais da ocorrência e abundância e na análise da influência de parâmetros ambientais. Vinte espécies de cienídeos foram coletadas na região, todas ocorrendo nos arrastos de fundo e nove nos arrastos de praia. Dentre essas, Stelliferrastrifer, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Micropogonias fumieri, Stellifer brasiliensis, Menticirrhus americanus e Menticirrhus littoralis, estiveram presentes durante todo o período, contribuindo com mais de 90 % do total capturado na Baía de Santos e região de praias adjacentes. A coexistência dessas espécies foi possível devido à alternância das ocorrências e dos picos de abundância em função das épocas do ano, da área de amostragem e da variação da temperatura e salinidade da água. S. rastrifer ocorreu preferencialmente nos arrastos de fundo, no inverno, em águas frias e de profundidade e salinidade medianas e em todos os setores de amostragem. I. parvipinnis, P brasiliensis e S. brasiliensis ocorreram preferencialmente nos arrastos de fundo, no inverno, primavera e outono, respectivamente, em águas frias, profundas e mais salinas e nos setores mais externos. M. furnieri e M. americanus ocorreram nos arrastos de fundo e de praia e, preferencialmente, no verão, em águas quentes, rasas e menos salinas e nos setores mais internos. M. littoralis ocorreu preferencialmente nos arrastos de praia, no inverno, em águas frias e em todas as estações de amostragem

Contribuição ao conhecimento da biologia do peixe-rei, Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Atherinidae), no complexo baía-estuário de Santos e São Vicente, Brasil

As many as 2,632 specimens of the atherinid Xenomelaniris brasiliensis were collected through a monthly beach seine survey programme in coastal beaches of the complex bay-estuary of Santos and São Vicente, from December, 1984 to November, 1985. The occurrence, growth, length-weight relationship, condition factor, meristics counts and body proportions of the species were analysed X. brasiliensis was found year-round in the region and was more abundant from summer to fall; one length group was observed and the largest size captured was 131.6 mm TL. Recruitment of the yearlings to the fishing gear started in the late spring and could be related to a winter spawning.Através de um programa de amostragem com arrastos de praia no complexo baía-estuário de Santos e São Vicente, de dezembro de 1984 a novembro de 1985, foram capturados 2.632 exemplares do peixe-rei Xenomelaniris brasiliensis. Neste trabalho foram analisados a ocorrência, o crescimento, a relação peso / comprimento, o fator de condição e caracteres merísticos e morfométricos. X. brasiliensis foi capturada durante todo o ano na região, sendo mais abundante no verão e outono; a distribuição foi unimodal e o maior exemplar capturado mediu 131,6 mm. O recrutamento dos juvenis à arte de pesca utilizada teve início no final da primavera, possivelmente relacionado com uma desova de inverno

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy in Anaplastic (Malignant) Meningioma, CNS WHO Grade 3

Simple Summary Only 1% of all meningioma diagnosis is classified as malignant (anaplastic) meningioma. Due to their rarity, clinical management of these tumors presents several gaps. In this review, we investigate current knowledge of anaplastic meningioma focusing on their pathological and radiological diagnosis, molecular assessment, and loco-regional and systemic management. Despite the current marginal role of systemic therapy, it is possible that the increasing knowledge of molecular altered pathways of the disease will lead to the development of novel effective systemic treatments. Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system malignancies accounting for 36% of all intracranial tumors. However, only 1% of meningioma is classified as malignant (anaplastic) meningioma. Due to their rarity, clinical management of these tumors presents several gaps. Methods: We carried out a narrative review aimed to investigate current knowledge of anaplastic meningioma focusing on their pathological and radiological diagnosis, molecular assessment, and loco-regional and systemic management. Results: The most frequent genetic alteration occurring in meningioma is the inactivation in the neurofibromatosis 2 genes (merlin). The accumulation of copy number losses, including 1p, 6p/q, 10q, 14q, and 18p/q, and less frequently 2p/q, 3p, 4p/q, 7p, 8p/q, and 9p, compatible with instability, is restricted to NF2 mutated meningioma. Surgery and different RT approaches represent the milestone of grade 3 meningioma management, while there is a marginal role of systemic therapy. Conclusions: Anaplastic meningiomas are rare tumors, and diagnosis should be suspected and confirmed by trained radiologists and pathologists. Despite the current marginal role of systemic therapy, it is possible that the increasing knowledge of molecular altered pathways of the disease will lead to the development of novel effective systemic treatments

Malignant pleural mesothelioma and mesothelial hyperplasia: A new molecular tool for the differential diagnosis

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare asbestos related cancer, aggressive and unresponsive to therapies. Histological examination of pleural lesions is the gold standard of MPM diagnosis, although it is sometimes hard to discriminate the epithelioid type of MPM from benign mesothelial hyperplasia (MH). This work aims to define a new molecular tool for the differential diagnosis of MPM, using the expression profile of 117 genes deregulated in this tumour. The gene expression analysis was performed by nanoString System on tumour tissues from 36 epithelioid MPM and 17 MH patients, and on 14 mesothelial pleural samples analysed in a blind way. Data analysis included raw nanoString data normalization, unsupervised cluster analysis by Pearson correlation, non-parametric Mann Whitney U-test and molecular classification by the Uncorrelated Shrunken Centroid (USC) Algorithm. The Mann-Whitney U-test found 35 genes upregulated and 31 downregulated in MPM. The unsupervised cluster analysis revealed two clusters, one composed only of MPM and one only of MH samples, thus revealing class-specific gene profiles. The Uncorrelated Shrunken Centroid algorithm identified two classifiers, one including 22 genes and the other 40 genes, able to properly classify all the samples as benign or malignant using gene expression data; both classifiers were also able to correctly determine, in a blind analysis, the diagnostic categories of all the 14 unknown samples. In conclusion we delineated a diagnostic tool combining molecular data (gene expression) and computational analysis (USC algorithm), which can be applied in the clinical practice for the differential diagnosis of MPM

A Prostate Cancer Computer Aided Diagnosis Software including Malignancy Tumor Probabilistic Classification

Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most common solid neoplasm in males and a major cause of cancer-related death. Screening based on Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) reduces the rate of death by 31%, but it is associated with a high risk of over-diagnosis and over-treatment. Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has the potential to improve the specificity of PSA-based screening scenarios as a non-invasive detection tool. Research community effort focused on classification techniques based on MRI in order to produce a malignancy likelihood map. The paper describes the prototyping design, the implemented work-flow and the software architecture of a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) software which aims at providing a comprehensive diagnostic tool, including an integrated classification stack, from a preliminary registration of images to the classification process. This software can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the radiologist, reduce reader variability and speed up the whole diagnostic work-up