5 research outputs found

    Caracterizaci贸n del proceso de implantaci贸n en Lagostomus maximus : un mam铆fero con poliovulaci贸n y reabsorci贸n selectiva

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    Among Eutherian mammals, L. maximus shows many unusual reproductive traits such as a high ovulation rate and a process of selective embryo resorption that occurs during the first\nhalf of gestation. Despite the high ovulatory rate, a few 8 to 12 oocytes are fertilized and implanted, and just the embryos nearest to the cervix develop normally to term; the remaining embryos are resorbed. A balance between immunological Th1/Th2 processes\nbiased in favor of Th2 activity is needed for a successful gestation; prevalence of Th1\nprocesses is associated with fetal miscarriage. In domestic animals, 80% of embryo loss occurs at the peri-implantation period. Insufficient levels of uterine progesterone (P4) may\ninduce a considerable embryo loss. The aim of this investigation was to analyze the possible causes and mechanisms involved in the unusual embryo resorption process shown in L.\nmaximus and its relationship with immune response. In L. maximus decidualization and embryo resorption are found as two processes that occur in a diferred and reversed way along the uterine horn. The uterine area nearest the cervix showed the higher P4\nconcentration. The only embryo that is gestated to term showed the highest levels of P4 and\nestradiol (E2). This presence of high hormonal levels has its origin in the ascending trajectory of the uterine artery, a branch of iliac artery. During pregnancy, low levels of IL-10 were\nfound with a marked presence of IFN-? indicating an active Th1 immune response. Embryo\nresorption would be originated through apoptosis followed by necrosis, P4 levels being insufficient to trigger the immunoprotection of the embryo. The decrease of P4 during gestation would be responsible of embryo-harmful Th1 cytokine release. When pseudo\novulation takes place at mid-gestation, the formation of secondary CL induces a new rise of P4 which helps to rescue the only surviving foetus from resorption. In L. maximus, hormonal\nalterations during pregnancy induce changes in the immune system that generate the\nselective embryo resorption. Finally, the finding of penile spikes in males led to establish L. maximus as an ovulatory-induced speciesFil: Giacchino, Mariela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaL. maximus presenta caracter铆sticas reproductivas inusuales en los mam铆feros euterios como su elevada tasa de ovulaci贸n y un proceso de reabsorci贸n embrionaria selectiva\ndurante la primera mitad de la pre帽ez. A pesar de tener una alta tasa ovulatoria, s贸lo 8 a 12 oocitos son fecundados e implantados y el embri贸n m谩s cercano al c茅rvix en cada cuerno\nuterino presenta un desarrollo normal; el resto sufre reabsorci贸n. Una gestaci贸n exitosa\nrequiere un balance inmunol贸gico Th1/Th2 inclinado hacia la actividad Th2; la prevalencia\nde Th1 se asocia con reabsorci贸n fetal. En animales dom茅sticos, el 80% de las p茅rdidas\nembrionarias ocurre durante el per铆odo de peri-implantaci贸n. La insuficiencia de\nprogesterona (P4) en circulaci贸n uterina podr铆a generar una considerable p茅rdida de embriones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las posibles causas y mecanismos del\ninusual proceso de reabsorci贸n embrionaria selectiva que presenta L. maximus y su\nvinculaci贸n con la respuesta inmunol贸gica. En L. maximus la decidualizaci贸n y la reabsorci贸n se presentan como dos procesos que suceden de manera diferida y en sentido\ninverso a lo largo del cuerno uterino. El sector uterino m谩s cercano al c茅rvix present贸 mayor\nconcentraci贸n de P4. El 煤nico embri贸n que se gesta a t茅rmino mostr贸 mayores niveles de P4 y estr贸geno (E2). La presencia de mayores niveles hormonales se deber铆a a que la\narteria uterina, rama de la arteria il铆aca, tiene un trayecto ascendente. Durante la pre帽ez se\nencontraron niveles bajos de IL-10 con marcada presencia de IFN-?, indicando una\nrespuesta Th1 activa. La reabsorci贸n embrionaria estar铆a generada por apoptosis, seguida\nde necrosis. Los niveles de P4 podr铆an no ser suficientes para generar la inmunoprotecci贸n\nfetal. Ante el descenso de P4 durante la gestaci贸n, se dar铆a la secreci贸n de citocinas de Th1\nperjudiciales para el feto; al producirse la pseudoovulaci贸n durante la pre帽ez, los cuerpos\nluteos accesorios producen un nuevo aumento de P4 salvando el 煤nico feto m谩s cercano al c茅rvix. En L. maximus las alteraciones hormonales durante la pre帽ez dar铆an cambios en el\nsistema inmunol贸gico generando como resultado final la reabsorci贸n embrionaria selectiva.\nPor 煤ltimo, el hallazgo de esp铆culas peneanas en L. maximus permiti贸 establecer el probable caracter de ovulador inducid

    Endoscopy, histology and electron microscopy analysis of foetal membranes in pregnant South American plains vizcacha reveal unusual excrescences on the yolk sac

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    The South American hystricognathe Lagostomus maximus is a fossorial rodent whose females show unique reproductive characteristics. They have a 155-day long gestation, show massive polyovulation and a selective process of embryonic resorption in the first half of gestation. In order to explore and perform an in-situ characterization of the reproductive tract, we visualized internal structures through ultrasonography and video-endoscopy in pregnant and non-pregnant females. We describe the finding of protruding structures that lie on the yolk sac and their histological and ultrastructural characterization. The placenta was covered with whitish, small pearl-shaped structures. These structures were also seen on the extra-embryonic space, being the amnion and the umbilical cord free of them. Pearl-shaped structures were composed with loose connective tissue, lacked blood vessels, and showed collagen fibers organized in a spiral form. They were anchored by pedicles to the villous surface of the extraembryonic membrane. We discuss the biological and evolutionary meaning of the pearl-shaped structures that relate L. maximus to the African origin of the South American hystricognathe fauna.Fil: Giacchino, Mariela. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Inserra, Pablo Ignacio Felipe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; ArgentinaFil: Lange, Fernando D.. Universidad Maim贸nides; ArgentinaFil: Gariboldi, Mar铆a Constanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; ArgentinaFil: Ferraris, Sergio Ra煤l. Universidad Maim贸nides; ArgentinaFil: Vitullo, Alfredo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; Argentin

    Neurovascular description in the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus ( Chinchilloidea, Caviomorpha ). A study involving evolutionarily related species of Caviomorpha and Muroidea

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    Oxygenated blood is required for the adequate metabolic activity of the brain. This is supplied by the circle of Willis (CoW) and the vertebrobasilar and carotid systems. The CoW ensures blood flow in case of arterial stenosis or occlusion. Different animal models have been explored for the CoW morphological and functional study. This work aims to characterize the vascular architecture of the CoW of the plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Suborder: Hystricomorpha), and to compare it with evolutionarily related species of Caviomorpha and Muroidea. The blood supply in adult plains vizcachas was studied using latex cerebrovascular casts and angiography. A caudo-rostral flow direction was determined, beginning in the spinal and vertebral arteries and converging in the basilar artery which bifurcates in the carotid-basilar communication in the caudal communicating arteries. In the first third of its course, the caudal cerebral arteries project laterally, and the middle and rostral cerebral arteries bifurcate from their rostral terminal segment, supplying the temporo-parietal and frontal cortex. The CoW architecture is mainly conserved between rodent species. Likewise, the small neurovascular variations observed could be considered phylogenetic morphological variations more than evolutionary adaptations. The absence of the rostral communicating artery that generates the rostral open architecture of the CoW in the vizcacha as in the other analyzed species, supports the need for a revision of the CoW classical function as a security system. Finally, this work supports the importance of expanding our understanding of brain anatomy among species, which may contribute to a better understanding of functional neuroanatomy.Fil: Schmidt, Alejandro Ra煤l. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Inserra, Pablo Ignacio Felipe. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Giacchino, Mariela. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferraris, Sergio Ra煤l. Universidad Maim贸nides; ArgentinaFil: Lange, Fernando. Universidad Maim贸nides; ArgentinaFil: Vidal Figueredo, Ramiro Jose. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Halperin, Julia. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vitullo, Alfredo Daniel. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dorfman, Ver贸nica Berta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maim贸nides. 脕rea de Investigaciones Biom茅dicas y Biotecnol贸gicas. Centro de Estudios Biom茅dicos, Biotecnol贸gicos, Ambientales y de Diagn贸stico; Argentin
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